Role of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and Three-Dimensional Doppler in Imaging of Endometrium for Diagnosis of Bleeding in Women with Post-Menopausal Bleeding.

Objective: To determine whether the Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and Three Dimensional Doppler have a role in detection of Endometrial lesions in woman with post menopausal bleeding. Methods: 36 woman in Zagazig University Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department outpatient clinics were recruited. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and Doppler were done. Then after one week endometrial sampling was done & histological diagnosis was made. After tabulation, all data were analyzed using statistical procedures were carried with SPSS software. Result: Twenty four patients were negative for atypia or cancer and Twelve patients were positive for atypia or cancer. Mean age was 58.1 years in benign endometrium and 62.2 year in malignant endometrium (p=0.1). The mean BMI was 24 in benign and 31.75 in malignant endometrium (p<0.001). Mean endometrial thickness was 11.1 m.m in benign and 26 mm in malignant endometrium (p<0.001). The mean endometrial Volume was 5.6 cc in benign and 54.8cc in malignant endometrium (p<0.001). The VI was 2.24%and 19.5% in the two groups respectively (p<0.001). The FI was 6.7 and 27.2 in two groups respectively (p<0.001). The VFI was 3.3 and 11.5 in two groups respectively (p<0.001). In this study using endometrial volume, vascularization index percent (VI) %, flow index (FI) and vascularization-flow index (VFI) rather than endometrial thickness provided a greater sensitivity for predicting atypia or malignancy. Conclusion: The Three-Dimensional Ultrasound scanning of endometrial volume (3D-US) and Three-Dimensional Doppler Angiography (3D-DA) of the Vascular Indices (vascularization index percent, flow index, and vascularization-flow index), might predict endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium at baseline ultrasound scanning.

Extractional spectrophotometric analysis of metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and secnidazole bases through acid-dye complexation using bromothymol blue dye

An easy, precise and valid extractional-spectrophotometric technique is described for the assessment of metronidazole [MNZ], tinidazole [TNZ], ornidazole [ONZ] and secnidazole [SNZ] in pure state and in their pharmaceutical formulations. The technique includes first the reduction of above cited drugs using HCl and zinc powder, then the formation of intense yellow colored ion-association complex species [1:3 drug/dye] using bromothymol blue [BTB] in a buffered aqueous acidic medium at pH 3-3.50. The colored products are extracted into dichloromethane and quantitatively determined at 416-420 nm. The experimental operating factors influencing the ion-pairs development were studied and optimized to obtain the maximum color intensity. The Beer plots are obeyed in the concentration ranges 2.50-22.50, 2.50-30, 7.50-35 and 5-30 microgml[-1] for MNZ, TNZ, ONZ and SNZ, respectively, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9995. The proposed technique is recommended for the routine quality control analysis of the investigated drugs in commercial tablets with no observed interference from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. Results of such analysis were statistically validated and through recovery studies, showing excellent agreement with those achieved by the reported techniques

Comparative study between PCR and microscopic examination in diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica

Differentiation between E. histolytica and non pathogenic species as Entamoeba dispar, which are morphologically identical species, is essential for rapid treatment decision, precaution of the invasive disease and public health. This study evaluated the real time PCR for detection of intestinal amoebiasis in comparison with microscopic examination. Stool samples were obtained from symptomatic 40 patients from outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospitals and Benha Educational Hospital. Twenty suffered from dysentery and 20 cases were not suffering dysentery. In addition 10 stool samples of other parasitic infection as Giardia lamblia and Cryptospordium parvum were examined by direct smear, iodine stained smear, formol ether concentration technique and real time PCR for detection of E. histolytica DNA. Formol ether concentration technique showed that 20 [40%] samples were positive for E. histolytica but real time PCR showed 26 [52%] positivity. All samples positive by microscopy were also positive by PCR and additional 6 PCR positive cases. There was no cross reaction with other parasites as G. lamblia and C. parvum

Patterns of the drugs of abuse among educated Egyptian females

Screening of the urine samples of 448 educated Egyptian females forcannabinoids, amphetamines opiates and barbiturates revealed that only 22samples [4.9%] were positive at least for one of these drugs. The percentage of prevalence rates of the drugs-of-abuse was ranked as follows: Opietes[50%], cannabinoids [18.2], barbiturates [18.2%] and amphetamines [13.6]. Only 0.2% of samples contained more than one drug. The screening wasperformed utilizing the radioimmunoassay technique and the positive resultswere confirmed using thin layer chromatography

Testosterone level in myocardial infarction in geriatric male patients

Serum level of testosterone in nineteen elderly male patients with acute myocardial infarction was studied in comparion to ten normal elderly males. Testosterone was measured on the second as well as on the tenth day after the onset of myocardial infarction. Plasma testosterone was found to be lower in patients with acute myocardial infarction, when measured on the second day, in comparison to controls, the difference was statistically significant [P< 0. 001]. On the tenth day testosterone level was found to rise showing a significant difference from the level measured on the second day of myocardial infarction [P<0. 001]. There was no significant difference in the level of testosterone, measured on the tenth day of myocardial infarction, and its level in normal elderly subjects. The results show that serum testosterone level drop temporarily during the initial stage of mycardial infarction