ABSTRACT
Rifampicin continues to be an effective drug for treatment of tuberculosis. A variety of drug reactions have been reported of which hepatotoxicity is well known. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid as dietary supplementation in case of Rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity. Animal house NIH [National Institute of Health]. Randomized control trial. Thirty adult BALB/c mice weighing 30-60 grams were taken. They were kept under standard laboratory conditions. Mice were randomized and divided into three groups A, B and C each containing 10 mice. Group A was given Rifampicin 100 mg/kg body weight, group B was administered Rifampicin 100 mg/kg body weight along with ascorbic acid 500 mg/kg body weight orally and group C was given regular NIH lab diet for six weeks. Liver specimens of animals given rifampicin showed formation of necrotic foci. Simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid significantly reduced histological changes induced by Rifampicin. Ascorbic acid has protective role against hepatotoxic effect of Rifampicin used in chemotherapy of tuberculosis in animal models
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigates the effect of mifepristone on the number of progesterone receptors in the rat uterus
Study Design: Laboratory based randomized controlled trials
Place and Duration of the study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi from Jan 2007-March 2007
Method: Sixty adult female rats were divided randomly into two groups, comprising of 30 animals in each group. In control group A one ml of normal saline was given orally daily for three months while in group B mifepristone was given orally in a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight daily for three months. All the animals were sacrificed next day after the last oral dose. Two ml blood was taken directly from the heart for measurement of estrogen and progesterone levels. About ½ cm piece of tissue was taken from the middle of the right uterine horn. Immunohistochemical staining procedure was done for demonstration of progesterone receptors
Results: In the control group Total number of PR stained receptors in all the compartments of the uterus were 40400. In the experimental group the number of progesterone receptors in all uterine compartments of the experimental group was 986 Significantly lower level of progesterone while higher levels of estrogen level were noted in the experimental group as compared to control group
Conclusion: Long term mifepristone administration suppresses the endometrial proliferation The number of progesterone receptors in all uterine compartments of the experimental group were decreased and found statistically significant It also lowered the plasma concentration of progesterone. While the plasma concentration of the estrogen was raised
ABSTRACT
The current study was planned to evaluate the changes produced in liver histology by giving chronic immobilization stress to the animals for 4 weeks. Study was carried out in Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from Jan 2011 toAug2011. Ten adult New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Group I served as control while group II was an experimental group whose left leg was immobilized in extension for 4 weeks. Following euthanasia, liver was exposed; dissected and was examined for gross and microscopic appearance. Liver from the experimental groups exhibited mild to moderate architectural distortion. Majority of the cases [80%] revealed moderate steatosis predominantly [80%] microvesicular in type. Steatosis was present in all the three zones of hepatic lobule in 4 out of 5 cases whereas one case demonstrated fat vacuoles around the periportal area. When assessed according to modified Knodell's scoring system, mild inflammation was found in 60% of cases while 40% revealed moderate inflammation. All the cases showed focal necrosis along with pyknotic nuclei while karyorrhexis were present in 3 out of 5 cases. Sinusoidal congestion [80% of cases] and dilatation [40% of cases] was also noted in experimental group. Data analyses indicate that liver experiences stress induced injury following chronic immobilization like other organs. Further research is required to evaluate the effects of remobilization on the liver and whether remobilization could cause reversal of these changes. This study could help to take decision to plan the immobilization time during various surgical procedures in orthopedic practice. This would help to save the functions of vital organs like liver
ABSTRACT
To find out the effects of free and restricted remobilization on the generalized body weight and mid thigh circumference of rabbit. For this purpose, knee joints of rabbits were immobilized first. Randomized Controlled Trials [RCT] Place and Duration of the study: Study was carried out in Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad from April 2006 to April 2007. Materials and Twenty four adult New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into three groups using random numbers table. Group I served as a control group whereas the left knee joint along with ankle joint of the experimental groups II and III were immobilized in extension in a plaster of Paris cast for 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks plaster cast was removed and group II i.e. free mobility group and group III i.e. restricted mobility group [caged animals] were remobilized for another 4 weeks. The generalized body weight and mid thigh circumference of all the animals were taken at the start of experiment, at the end of 4 weeks of immobilization and at the end of 4 weeks of remobilization in all groups. Immobilization caused significant reduction in the body weight and mid thigh circumference of both the experimental groups. On remobilization the body weight increased but significant difference remained between the experimental and control groups. Although weight gain is more in the caged animals during remobilization phase but statistically insignificant difference was found when free and restricted mobility groups were compared. The difference in the mean mid thigh circumference between control and free mobility groups was statistically insignificant whereas the difference between control and restricted mobility groups was significant at the end of 4 weeks of remobilization. Recovery in caged animals was slower as compared to free mobility group in terms of mid thigh circumference but when these two groups were compared statistically insignificant difference existed at the end of 8 weeks. Immobilization induced reduction in body weight and mid thigh circumference which is to a great extent reversible in both free and restricted mobility groups. Both the groups responded almost equally to immobilization stress and confinement did not prevent restoration of bodyweight and mid thigh circumference, however complete recovery of the body weight and mid thigh circumference to initial control values did not occur in 4 weeks
ABSTRACT
To produce degenerative changes by immobilization of rabbit Stifle [knee] joint in extension and then to see the subsequent effects of either free or restricted mobility on the femoral articular cartilage. An experimental study. This study was conducted from April 2006 to April 2007 at Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. In this study forty adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into five groups. Groups I and II served as control and were euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks respectively. The left knee joints of the three study groups [III, IV and V] were immobilized in extension by plaster of Paris cast for 4 weeks. After the removal of cast free [IV] and restricted mobility [V] groups were remobilized for another 4 weeks. Following euthanasia, femoral articular cartilages were dissected and examined both macroscopically and microscopically. To evaluate the degenerative changes thickness of articular cartilage, chondrocytes number and semi quantitative Mankin's scoring was done. Immobilization in extension for four weeks produced significant degenerative changes that were evident on both gross and microscopic analysis. Animals in free mobility group showed surface irregularities, superficial ulceration, fibrillation and deep clefts reaching radial zone along with reduction in the staining of matrix. Restricted mobility group when compared with the free mobility group showed significant decrease in Mankin's score and also significant increase in cellularity. The thickness of the articular cartilage in restricted mobility group was although greater than free mobility group but statistically significant difference was not found [p value=.055]. Most peculiar feature of restricted mobility group was proliferation of chondrocytes with formation of clones and intense metachromasia around the clones, a tendency towards intrinsic repair. Early motion and free mobility exposed the injured articular cartilage to increased loads when normal activity was allowed. Moreover rest and restricted mobility for 4 weeks following immobilization allowed some restoration of structure of articular cartilage
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Immobilization , Knee Joint , RabbitsABSTRACT
To compare the opioid sparing effect of meloxicam, diclofenac, and placebo after abdominal hysterectomy. This study was conducted at the Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from February 2004 to November 2006. Women of American Society of Anesthesiologist's classification I or II of ages 25-60 years scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy were included. Those with significant systemic disease or contraindication to opioid or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were excluded from the study. All patients received general anaesthesia and intravenous IV morphine, and were intubated and ventilated for the operation. The patients were randomized and rectally received meloxicam 15 mg, diclofenac 100 mg, or placebo suppository. Patients, anesthetists, and nurses managing the patients postoperatively were blinded to these drugs. In the recovery room, IV patient controlled morphine was commenced. The information sought included patient characteristics age, weight, duration of operation, and doses of morphine consumed in 24 hours. Seventy-five patients 25 in each group participated in this study and only 5 patients dropped out. There was no difference in age and body weight of the patients, and duration of the operation. All underwent either total or sub-total hysterectomy. The mean SD morphine consumption in the 24-hour postoperative period was 37.7 11.1 mg for the diclofenac group, 40.1 7.8 mg for the meloxicam group, and 45.2 9.8 mg for the placebo group. As compared to placebo, the mean morphine consumption in diclofenac but not in meloxicam group was significantly p<0.05 reduced. Our study demonstrates a significant opioid sparing effect after abdominal hysterectomy with diclofenac, but not with meloxicam