ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the career preferences of medical students and to identify differences between male and female medical students. These results are helpful in understanding current thinking of medical students and provision of health for all and designing future health policies of the country. Cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Trust [IIMCT], Rawalpindi from January 2014 to April 2014. This study was performed at Islamic International Medical College Trust [IIMCT] including 100 students from the first year and 100 students of final year MBBS. The College is a private medical school located in Rawalpindi. Inclusion criteria: All students of 1st year and final year MBBS. Exclusion criteria: Incompletely filled questionnaire excluded from the study. Socio demographic: Response rate was 92.5% with 185 questionnaires out of 200 completed and returned. Mean age of the respondents was 21.5 years, ranging between 20 and 25 years. One hundred eleven [111] [60%] respondents came from major cities, eighteen [18] [9.7%] lived abroad, whereas 21 [11.4%] came from rural or semi-urban areas of Pakistan. In our sample a large proportion of the students were females. Location of practice: Most of the students preferring to settle in an urban setting. Majority of students want to do post graduation, very few opted for general practice and one third thinking of abroad for post graduation and only a few want to locate their practice in rural areas. Medical graduates prefer clinical specializations over general practice as career. Strategies need to be planned by public and private sector and implemented to stop the brain drain and retain the medical personnel to provide effective health care for all including rural areas
ABSTRACT
Purpose of the study was to know the relative frequencies of different morphological disease patterns in patients of cervical lymphadenopathy by FNAC. A descriptive cross sectional study. Surgery and Pathology department of Pakistan Railway teaching Hospital Rawalpindi from January 2005 to October 2011. Results of fine needle aspiration cytology of patients with enlarged cervical lymphnodes was recorded. Total number of patients was 150. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 [86 males and 64 females]. The maximum patients were in 11-20 years [40%], followed by 21-30 years [20%]. The youngest patient was 4 Years and the oldest was 67 years. The FNAC showed chronic granulomatous inflammation suggestive of tuberculosis [43%] as the commonest pathology, followed by reactive hyperplasia [39%], nonspecific lymphadenitis [9%], lymphoma, [5%], and metastatic carcinoma [4%]. All patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes should be thoroughly investigated. FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool in evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Chronic granulomatous inflammation suggesting tuberculosisis one of the major causes of enlarged cervical lymphnodes in our country
ABSTRACT
The aim of our study was to compare the advantages and disadvantages of burr hole and craniotomy methods in management of brain abscess in children secondary to cyanotic congenital heart disease [CHD]. The parameters used to compare these two methods were outcome of the treatment, improvement of Glasgow coma score, CT appearance of abscess andre-operation. Retrospective study was conducted over 6 year's period. A total of thirty three [33] paediatric patients were included in this descriptive study which was carried out in the Neurosurgery Department of Foundation University Medical College Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2003 to May 2009. Patients having the following criteria were selected for burr hole procedure: Intracranial abscess in patients of congenital heart disease, no previous surgical intervention, Patient's history and CT brain films available. Following patients were excluded from the study; postoperative, post traumatic and fungal abscess, age more than 15 years old and abscess less than 25mm Patients having low risk of anaesthesia and absence of above mentioned risk factors were selected for craniotomy and excision. Our study results showed that patients who underwent the burr hole aspiration of abscess had a decreased mortality, shorter hospital stay, significant improved progress in neurological and radiological status as compared to craniotomy and excision group. Our study results suggested that burr hole aspiration is more efficient procedure as compared to craniotomy in terms of surgical intervention and postoperative outcome in a selected group of brain abscess in patients with CHD. It is also a cost effective procedure
ABSTRACT
Present study was carried out to find out the frequency of oral biopsies reported at the Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi and to compare it with worldwide literature. Patient data were retrieved from Jan 2007 to May 2012 from the record files of the histopathology department at railway hospital and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Of the total 114 cases the majority of the patients were in their 5[th] and 6[th] decades of life with no gender predilection as male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Major categories of lesions reported were malignant neoplasms [n=40], inflammatory lesions [n-21] and reactionary lesions [n=14]. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most commonly reported malignant lesion making it an emerging threat to the community, with decreasing prognostic potential as the age of the patient increased
ABSTRACT
To review cervical smear results in women of reproductive age group. Descriptive study. This study was carried out at the pathology department, Railway hospital, lslamic lnternational Medical College Trust. Rawalpindi, from Jan 2007-Dec 2010. A total of four hundred and seventy seven cervical smears were included in the study. lnclusion criteria was females of reproductive age group. Smears from postmenopausal women and those who had hysterectomy were excluded from the study. The cervical smear was taken using modified Ayres wooden spatula, or plastic spatula, to collect endocervical sample. The slides prepared were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol, and were subsequently stained by the recommended procedure of Pap staining. After staining, the slides were mounted with Canada balsam and finally reported by the cytopathologist according to the Bethesda System. Four hundred and seventy seven patients were included in the study. Most of the patients belonged to low socio economic status. The cytological examination of the smears showed inflammatory changes in 33% [n=159] cases, normal smears/ no positive finding in 25% [n= 118] cases, while reactive changes were seen in 2% [n= 10]. Dysplastic changes were seen in 2% [n= 10], while unsatisfactory/ lnadequate samples were reported in 38%[n=182] cases.
ABSTRACT
To analyze etiology, clinical features, pathogens, mortality and morbidity, and modalities of treatment for ventriculo-peritoneal [VP] shunt infections. Descriptive case series. Study was carried out in the department of Neurosurgery, Foundation University Medical College Rawalpindi, from June 2003 to June 2008. The record of 5 year period was reviewed. The data were evaluated for etiology of hydrocephalus, age, clinical features, microbiological parameters, management and clinical outcome of VP shunt infections. A total of 149 patients were operated for ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Majority [n 128 - 86%] were below the age of 5 years. Twenty-one [14%] of the operated patients were admitted with symptoms of shunt infection. Four [19%] of the infected patients had throat infection/gastroenteritis rather than shunt infection. Six [29%] patients were treated conservatively with intravenous antibiotics. Eleven [52%] of the infected patients had removal of shunt and insertion of external ventricular drain [EVD] with periodic CSF sampling and culture sensitivity [CS] and delayed shunt replacement. Five [3.3%] of VP shunt patients died with shunt infection and septicemia. Commonest causative microorganism identified were staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacilli. The most common bacteria isolated were gram positive organisms. In cases with VP shunt infection it is essential to remove VP shunt and start systemic antibiotics