Neurovascular injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case report and review of the literature

Injury to the popliteal artery and tibial nerve following harvesting of the medial hamstring tendons is a complication that has not been described. We report a unique case of popliteal artery and tibial nerve injury following hamstring graft harvest for the use in ACL reconstruction. The popliteal artery and tibial nerve anatomy and technique of graft harvest are briefly described

Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulders with a mirror image greater tuberosity fractures after an epileptic fit

Unilateral shoulder dislocation is a common injury but, bilateral shoulder dislocation is an uncommon event. The majority are posterior and occur during epileptic fits [seizure], electric shock electroconvulsive therapy, patients with neuromuscular disorders and psychiatric disturbances. Bilateral anterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder mostly caused by violent trauma, few cases were attributed to epileptic or hypoglycemic seizures. This report describe a rare case of bilateral anterior fracture dislocation of the shoulders after an epileptic fit, including a mirror image fracture of both greater tuberosities, the patient was treated with closed reduction of the shoulders and percutaneous fixation of the fractures with short threaded cannulated titanium screws and washers under image intensifier. The shoulders were kept in bilateral broad arm sling for six weeks with progressive mobilization from the third week for a period of 3 months. The patient achieve an excellent, comfortable range of motion in both shoulders at the end of one-year follow up

Correlation between muscle activity and silent period duration in patients with masticatory disorders

Nine patients with bilateral masticatory disorders were compared with ten normal healthy subjects. Jaw jerk reflex was carried out by chin tap force. Muscle activity and silent period duration of masseter and temporalis muscles were recorded, it is found that there was a significant difference between the two groups and there was a highly significant correlation between the muscle activity and the silent period duration not only between groups but also between each examined muscle. This result assumed that the fatigue of the muscle is the main factor behind the increase of silent period duration and not the muscle disorders

Extraction orthodontias and masticatory muscle activity

To study the effect of extraction orthodontics on the occlusal force and muscle activity, right and left anterior temporalis and masseter muscles EMG were recorded in centric occlusion and during chewing of peanuts, before and two weeks after extraction of four first premolars. The studied sample was composed of 12 orthodontic patients, 6 males and 6 females of age range from 13.5 to 19 years. For each subject, treatment entailed the extraction of the four first premolars after thorough analysis. The data collected were statistically analysed and the following conclusions can be drawn. 1-A highly significant reduction [p < 0.01] of the activity of both muscles in the recorded two positions were reported after extraction. 2- Both sexes were affected undifferently. 3- The percentage change in the muscle activity during centric occlusion was higher than that occurring during chewing of hard food. 4-A precise analysis should be done if extraction is to be considered during orthodontic treatment to avoid impairment of the stomatognathic system

Transseptal fiber system compressive force [TCF] and extraction orthodontics

The changes in transseptal fiber compressive force [TCF], throughout four first premolars extraction orthodontics, were evaluated on a total sample of 17 adolescent patients [10 females and 7 males]. The TCF magnitudes were measured by stress and tension gauge as the frictional force resisting withdrawal of a thin stainless steel strip sliped interproximally into two adjacent teeth contact. Measurements were taken for each subject in four separate occasions; 1- 24hrs before extraction, 2- 24hrs after extraction, 3- 24hrs after active orthodontic treatment and 4- 12 months of retention. Data interpretation revealed the followings: 1. Sharp drop in TCF magnitudes after active orthodontic treatment [P < 0.05], 2. Significant improvement of the TCF magnitudes after retention [P < 0.05]. 3. The mandibular dental arch showed significantly higher TCF than that of the maxillary dental arch [P < 0.05], 4. Right side of both dental arches showed significantly higher TCF than that of the left side [P < 0.05]. 5. The TCF magnitudes increasing in acending order in both arches, from the central incisors to the second premolar first molar contacts. The results were discussed in view of the available literature and it concluded that, recording of the TCF magnitude will be of vital importance to follow-up successful extraction orthodontics