Ameliorative potential of selenium against bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Background: environmental pollutants affect various tissues. Bisphenol A, a compound used in making epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, induces many hazardous effects

Aim of the work: this work was designed to test the ameliorative potential of selenium against hepatotoxicity caused by bisphenol A

Materials and Methods: male rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control, group 2 given sodium selenite, group 3 was administered with suspension of bisphenol A that is dissolved in corn oil. Rats of group 4 were administered with selenium plus bisphenol A. Liver specimens and blood samples were inspected after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment

Results: there was no statistical difference between control and selenium -administered rats in all parameters. Rats treated with bisphenol A suffered significant depression in weight whereas selenium administration decreased the effect on rat's weight. Bisphenol A administration induced blood vessels congestion, inflammatory infiltration, bile duct proliferation, cytoplasmic vacuolization and macrosteatosis while selenium administration improved liver histopathological criteria either after 3 or 6 weeks. Bisphenol A treatment elevated nuclear PCNA and caspase-3 expression in the cytoplasm and liver function enzymes [serum AST and ALT] and bilirubin. Again, selenium ameliorated these changes. In conclusion, bisphenol A exerted deleterious impact on rats' hepatocytes and serum biochemical parameters in a time-dependent manner. Selenium supplementation provides an extent of amelioration against bisphenol A- induced hepatotocixity

Effect of nonionizing radiation onthe cerebellum of neonatal mice morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural study

Although the use of mobile telephones is common, increasing and beneficial, it is still considered as an environmental pollutant nowaday. This is because these devices require to be held close to the head and the exposure effects on the brain remain controversial. Being so, we designed this study. The present study was done in an attempt to investigate the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes produced in the cerebellum of neonatal mice as a result of exposure to the nonionizing radiation of the mobile phone. Eleven neonatal mice were used in this study. Five of them were exposed [as experimental group] to mobile phone microwaves [900- 1800 MHz, SAR: 0.92 w/kg] during their late prenatal and early postnatal life [1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days]. While the other six served as control animals. Comparable parts of cerebella were removed from all animals and processed for the examination by the light and the transmission electron microscopes. The whole body exposure of the neonatal mice to this type of nonionizing radiation resulted in several morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes. These changes included a statistically significant decrease in the mean cell distribution, DNA content and total protein content of Purkinje cells and other cerebellar elements of exposed animals. On the other hand an increase in the Purkinje cell volume was recorded. In addition, the ultrastructural observations were corrugated plasma and nuclear membranes, ruptured mitochondria, destruction of Golgi apparatus, dilatation and disintegration of RER, scarcity of ribosomes and Nissl bodies in Purkinje cells. Damage in the cell membranes, chromatin clumping and increase in electron density of the cells of granular layer also observed. In the molecular layer; degeneration of axons and dendrites, increased electron density and damage of neurons occurred. The whole-body exposure of neonatal mice to the nonionizing radiation produced many pathological lesions in their cerebella at the cellular and subcellular levels

Changes produced in cerebellum and kidney of rabbits after chronic exposure to mobile phone microwaves. a histopathological study

The use of mobile phones is currently one of the faster growing technological developments. The microwave emitted by these telephones are considered as one of the non-ionizing radiations which still having much uncertainties about the severity of effects of both acute and chronic exposure to their various types. The direct biological effects of exposure to this kind of ionizing radiation have not been studied extensively particularly from the histological point of view. The close proximity of the antenna of such a device to the head and the abdominal organs has raised concerns about the biological interactions between these Electromagnetic Radiation [EMR] and cerebellum and kidney. So these organs were chosen to be target organs for our present study. The present work was performed to assess and investigate the histopathological effects of the frequent and long term exposure to the microwaves emitted by the mobile phone on cerebellum and kidney of rabbits. Male and female rabbits have been used in this experiment for normal and exposed groups. Animals were sexually immature and classified into 3 groups: Normal control [non-exposed] rabbits [male, female], irradiated [exposed] female rabbits, irradiated [exposed] male rabbits. The radiation exposure was carried out on heads of animals for 30 min/ day for a period of 90 days at the frequency of 900 MHz [Specific Absorption Rate "SAR" was 0.62 W/ kg]. For kidney the duration of exposure was 90 min/ day for a period of 90 days at the same range of frequency but the device was operated but not activated. The exposure of the experimental animals of both sexes to this type of non-ionizing radiations resulted in many histopathological alterations in both cerebellum and kidney. In cerebellum herniation of some cerebellar folia, detaching of epithelia of the pial surface and generalized perineural, perivascular and periglial edema could be recorded. The Purkinje cells appeared degenerated, sometimes highly destructed, irregular in shape, dark in staining, small in size, ill-defined and surrounded by widened preicellular spaces. In some regions of cerebellar tissue an absence of Purkinje layer after the degeneration of their cells was detected. The granular cells appeared in darkly stained, clusters aggregated as gliosis, small in size with hyperchromatic pyknotic nuclei. The granular cell layer in some fields accepted a generalized spongiform appearance resulted in compression and degeneration throughout the cerebellar cortex. The molecular later contained few destructed nerve cells, vacuolated matrix and sometimes infiltrated with degenerated dark cells. In some examined fields it accepted a spongiform appearance after severe damage to its constituent fibers and cells. The renal tissue exhibited pronounced tubular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration in glomeruli, narrowing of the Bowman's space, partial necrosis in the medullary elements with some pyknotic nuclei in the interstitium, tubular collapse, atrophied renal epithelia of the renal tubules forming necrotic remnants, glomerular sclerosis, the renal tubules may be reduced to collapsed skeletons, desquamation and absence of the normal renal epithelia. The distal convoluted tubules were more sensitive and more affected than the proximal convoluted tubules. In both of the tested organs [cerebellum, kidney] the effects of EMR were more destructive and more adverse in irradiated males than irradiated females. The chronic exposure to the radiofrequency radiation of the mobile phone resulted in many histopathological alterations in cerebellum and kidney. The subject which leads us to suggest that these radiations may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic at least under the conditions used in the present experiment [30 min/ day for cerebellum and 90 min/ day for kidney for a period of 90 days at SAR value of 0.62 W/ Kg]