ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the effects of incretin-based therapies on body weight as the primary outcome, as well as on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as secondary outcomes.@*Methods@#Databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Standard pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were both carried out. The risk of bias (ROB) tool recommended by the Cochrane handbook was used to assess the quality of studies. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and quality evaluation based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) were also performed.@*Results@#A total of 292 trials were included in this study. Compared with placebo, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4Is) increased weight slightly by 0.31 kg [95% confidence interval ( ): 0.05, 0.58] and had negligible effects on BMI and WC. Compared with placebo, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) lowered weight, BMI, and WC by -1.34 kg (95% : -1.60, -1.09), -1.10 kg/m (95% : -1.42, -0.78), and -1.28 cm (95% : -1.69, -0.86), respectively.@*Conclusion@#GLP-1 RAs were more effective than DPP-4Is in lowering the three indicators. Overall, the effects of GLP-1 RAs on weight, BMI, and WC were favorable.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM AND METHODS</b>To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in the regulation of cells proliferation, the expression of MKP-1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK-1) in heart and aorta of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) and WKY were studied. We also investigated the effect of MKP-1 genes,which were transfected into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) using the classical calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique, on the incorporation of 3H-TdR in VSMC stimulated by angiotensin II (Ang II).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with that of WKY, MKP-1 expression in heart and aorta were significantly decreased by 53% (P < 0.01) and 45% (P < 0.01) in SHR, respectively. While the expression of ERK-1 in heart and aorta of SHR were higher than that of WKY (P < 0.01). The ratio of ERK-1/MKP-1 in heart and aorta of SHR were significantly higher than that of WKY. (2) 3H-TdR incorporation in VSMC stimulated by Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) was increased by 207% (P < 0.01), compared with control group. In the transfected cells with wild MKP-1 gene, Ang II-induced incorporation of 3H-TdR lowered 63%, compared with untransfected cells (P < 0.05). There were no marked inhibitive role between mutant MKP-1-transfected cells and blank vector-transfected cells in response to Ang II, compared with Ang II group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results showed that the expression of ERK-1 in heart and aorta isolated from SHR, which stimulated proliferation and hypertrophy of cells, is higher than that of MKP-1 which dephosphorylates and inactivated ERK-1. In addition, MKP-1 significantly inhibits Ang II-stimulated proliferation of VSMC.</p>