Effect of neodymium-yag laser posterior capsulotomy on intraocular pressure

Background: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) also known as Secondary cataract is the most common complication following cataract surgery. It can occur between few months and many years after implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs), with incidence figures ranging from <5% to as high as 50%. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of intraocular pressure elevation after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for treatment of PCO. Patients and Methods: A prospective non-randomized study that was conducted at Al Zahraa University Hospital. The study included a total of 40 eyes of 31 patients. All patients underwent Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Patients were followed up at 4 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 1 month after laser capsulotomy. Nine cases were bilateral, 15 were males (48%) and 16 were females (52%). Results: The majority of patients (90%) showed significant improvement in visual acuity after capsulotomy and about 87.5% of patients had final BCVA of 6/6-6/12, visual acuity after 24 hours was 6/9 in 20 eyes (50%) and 20 eyes (30%) had VA of 6/12. All the 40 patients had visual acuity improvement of 1 or more lines after capsulotomy. No one had further decline in visual acuity after capsulotomy. Conclusion: The present study depicts the Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy as a good, successful treatment of PCO, because it was found to be modern, non-invasive, effective mode of treatment of PCO with lesser complications and it does not require hospitalization

Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and complications of hydroxychloroquine treatment

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease. Ocular manifestations of RAvary and are mainly keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis, scleritis and keratitis. Antimalarial drugs [hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ)] have been used for the treatment of RA. Objective: The aim of this study was to study the ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and the complications of the use of hydroxychloroquine in treatment. Patients and methods: A prospective study that was conducted at Al-Zahraa University Hospital. The study included a total of 80 eyes of 40 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: Group (1) 20 RA patients not using HCQ treatment and group (2) 20 RA patients using HCQ treatment. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination including SD-OCT. Results: the most ocular manifestations found in patients were keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) 93.8%, scleritis and episcleritis 2.5%, acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and sclerosing keratitis 1.3%. Regarding SD-OCT finding comparing between the two groups, we found signs of early HCQ retinopathy in patients of group 2 in the form of parafoveal and perifoveal thining compared to group 1. Conclusion: RA is associated with many extra-articular manifestations, HCQ and CQ used in treatment of RA have significant efficacy and safety, but with long duration of using can cause retinopathy, and follow up of patients is necessary to detect early retinopathy

Para pharyngeal space lipoma mimicking cystic hygroma

Para pharyngeal space tumors constitutes only 0.5-0.8% of all tumors of which Lipoma is the rarest. Generally, lipoma is found just beneath the subcutaneous tissues. Here we are presenting a case of 9 year old child with lipoma of left parapharyngeal space extending into the neck mimicking cystic Hygroma on presentation

Frequency of hypodontia in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi

To compare frequency of missing teeth in samples of population from Karachi. Cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Karachi Medical and Dental College from October 2011 to October 2012. During the study period, 465 panoramic radiographs were evaluated and according to exclusion and inclusion criteria 309 panoramic radiographs were selected, out of which 109 [35.27%] were males and 200 [64.73%] were females. The patients were 12-25 years old. Data were collected and entered into the SPSS software [version 18; Chicago] to calculate frequencies, percentages and mean +/- SD. 02 males were found with hypodontia [1.83%] while 10 females were found with hypodontia [5%]. Few teeth like maxillary central incisors, 1[st] premolar and 1[st] molar in both arches show no congenital absence. A total of 17 teeth, [males = 3, females = 14] in 12 patients were congenitally missing. The most common congenitally missing teeth were maxillary left 2 incisor 23.52% followed by mandible left 2 pre-molar 17.64%. By early detection of missing teeth, alternative treatment modalities can be planned and minimize the complications of CMT. In this study it has been observed that among the population of Karachi threshold for agenesis of maxillary left 2nd incisors is the most commonly missing, followed by mandibular 2[nd] premolars

Biochemical modifications induced in rabbits by schistosoma mansoni antigens and the beneficial effect of carnosine treatment

This immunological study involved individual injection of the three Schistosoma mansoni antigens [Ags], soluble egg antigen [SEA], cercarial antigen preparation [CAP] or soluble worm antigen preparation [SWAP] in three rabbits groups [Ag], respectively. Three other groups each received the same specific antigen conjoined with administration of L-carnosine [Ag-C] were also included in this study. Determination of three hepatic parameters and ten serum proteins was done. These were total protein, glycogen content and glycogen phosphorylase b activity of liver as well as serum total protein and nine protein fractions [alpha 2-macrglobulin, beta galactosidase, phosphorylase b, serum albumin, fumarase, carbonic anhydrase, beta- lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and aprotinin]. Conjoined carnosine treatment produced numerous variations. SEA-I-C group presented sex decreased parameters. In CAP-I-C animals, hepatic glycogen content was increased; while phosphorylase b activity was decreased as well as the concentration of serum parameters, total serum protein, alpha2-macroglobulin, phosphorylase b, albumin, fumarase, carbonic anhydrase, alpha-lactalbumin and aprotinin. In SWAP-I-C group, the concentration of only one fraction was decreased; carbonic anhydrase. In batch A, both the Ags. of the egg and cercaria, developmental stages having transient residence in the animal host, showed more affection by the specific Ag. Although, carnosine modified the results of all the three groups in batch B, its effect on both the egg and cercaria Ags. was still more than that of worm

Effect of mental stress on the psychological condition and urinary excretion of catecholamine

Several studies have approached the relationship between catecholamine and emotion. In this study we estimated the urinary catecholamine of a group of 60 female operators working in ARENTO. Under a severe stressfull condition resulting form using a headphone form at least 6 hours daily per shift, and also working under measured noise of [79.4 dBA and 84 dBA] in the hall and headphone respectively. Authers assessed also their psychological condition by using [Anx. Dep. Scale]. This group of operators were compared to a second group working in the same place [ARENTO] but in quiet in quiet, calm offices. The second group were taken as a control and were subjected to the same investigation as the operators