ABSTRACT
Background: Benign Essential Blepharospasm [BEB] is difficult to treat clinical entity
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Botulinum toxin type A for the management of benign essential blepharospasm
Patients and Methods: Ten essential blepharospasm patients were evaluated according to gender, ocular complaints, time of disease, treatment outcome and complications. Study design: Prospective randomized. This study was done in Department of Ophthalmology at Nawaz Sharif Social security Hospital /University of Lahore. The duration of study was from 1[st] June 2012 to 30[st] June 2014. All were suffering from BEB for several months to years. All these patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years
Results: Mean age was 50 years, 6 [60%] patients were female and four [40%] were male out of essential blepharospasm. Many patients complained of dry eye due to infrequent blinking. Botulinum toxin A showed a positive outcome in 90% of the treated patients. The complications observed after treatment were dry eye [10%] and lagophthalmos [10%]. No systemic reaction or toxicity observed in any patient
Conclusion: Essential blepharospasm which affects the elderly people treatment with botulinum toxin A was useful, with very low complication rates
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of leading causes of blindness
Objective: To compare the efficacy of ranibizumab and bevacizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema
Material and Methods: Study Design: Prospective, randomised trial evaluating efficacy of ranibizumab and bevacizumab in diabetic macular oedema [DME]. Place and duration of study: Study was done at Nawaz Sharif Social Security Hospital Lahore / University of Lahore, from 1[st] January 2012 to 31[st] December 2013. Thirty two eyes were included in the study consisting of twenty eight patients. They were classified into 2 groups; Group A where 16 eyes received monthly intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab and Group B: Where 16 eyes received monthly intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab for the treatment of DME. Patients were followed on monthly basis
Results: Twenty eight patients [32 eyes] completed 48 weeks of follow-up. At baseline, mean best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] on snellens chart was [20/100] in the bevacizumab group and [20/120] in the ranibizumab group. A significant improvement in mean BCVA was seen in both groups at subsequent follow up visits, post treatment BVCA was 20/160 and 20/200 in Group A and Group B as compared to pretreatment BVCA of 20/120 and 20/100 respectively
Conclusion: Bevacizumab and ranibizumab are both effective antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs preferred in the treatment of DME. Our comparison of both therapies suggested that the effect on BCVA was not statistically different in both groups
ABSTRACT
To describe the perioperative and postoperative complications related to cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique at Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences [KIOMS], Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. One hundred consecutive cataract operations using phacoemulsification were performed from January 2011 to December 2011 at the KIOMS. After thorough examination and investigations, patients were operated. Most were operated using peribulbar anesthesia. First examination was done on the first post-operative day and then patients were followed after three weeks and eight weeks. Their per-operative and postoperative complications were analyzed and compared with complication rates reported in other studies. Total 100 cases were included in the study with 30 patients having bilateral and 40 patients having unilateral cataract. The mean age of patients was 57.4 +/- 9.3 years. Posterior capsular rupture in 19 [19%] patients was the most common intraoperative complication. Corneal edema in 49 [49%] patients on first postoperative day was most common post operative complication. After three weeks the vision was 6/12 or better in 80 [80%] of cases. Posterior capsular rupture and corneal edema were most common intraoperative and postoperative complications respectively. Majority of patients had 6/6-6/12 vision by the end of first three weeks of cataract surgery
ABSTRACT
To find out the frequency of common genotypes of hepatitis-B virus [HBV] Design: An analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out at Division of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Diagnostics, Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan from May 2002 to February 2004. Subjects and HBV genotypes were determined in 112 HBV DNA positive sera by a simple and precise molecular genotyping system based on PCR using type-specific primers for the determination of genotypes of HBV A through H. Four genotypes [A, B, C and D] out of total eight reported genotypes so far were identified. Genotypes A, B and C were predominant. HBV genotype C was the most predominant in this collection, appearing in 46 samples [41.07%]. However, the genotypes of a total of 5 [4.46%] samples could not be determined with the present genotyping system. Mixed genotypes were seen in 8 [7.14%] HBV isolates. Five of these were infected with genotypes A/D whereas two were with genotypes C/D. One patient was infected with 4 genotypes [A/B/C/D]. Genotype A [68%] was predominant in Sindh; genotype C was most predominant in North West Frontier Province [N.W.F.P.] [68.96] whereas genotypes C and B were dominant in Punjab [39.65% and 25.86% respectively]. All the four common genotypes of HBV found worldwide [A, B, C and D] were isolated. Genotype C is the predominant. Genotypes B and C are predominant in Punjab and N.W.F.P whereas genotype A is predominant in Sindh