Cerebellar Hemorrhage after Burr Hole Drainage of Supratentorial Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Cerebellar hemorrhage is an unusual complication of supratentorial neurosurgery. To the best of our knowledge, only three case reports have described the occurrence of cerebellar hemorrhage after burr hole drainage for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH). We present the case of a patient with this rare postoperative complication of cerebellar hemorrhage after burr hole drainage of a chronic SDH. Although burr hole drainage for the treatment of chronic SDH is rare complication, it is necessary to be aware of the possibility of cerebellar hemorrhage after supratentorial surgery, even with limited surgery such as burr hole drainage of a chronic SDH.

Urinary Survivin Test Compared to the Nuclear Matrix Protein (NMP)-22 Test and Urine Cytology for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the urinary survivin test for the diagnosis of bladder cancer with the nuclear matrix protein (NMP)-22 test and the urine cytology, and we wanted to correlate survivin with the tumor stage and grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2002 and March 2004, voided urine samples were obtained from 41 patients with bladder cancer and also from 36 controls who had no evidence of bladder cancer. The urinary survivin and NMP-22 levels were measured using a DuoSet IC ELISA kit and an automated chemiluminescent assay system. The results were compared with the cytologic results and the pathologic findings. RESULTS: The comparative results showed the higher sensitivity for the urinary survivin test (78.0%) and the NMP-22 test (75.6%) than for the urine cytology (65.8%) for the detection of bladder cancer. The specificity of urinary survivin (86.1%) and urine cytology (97.2%) were higher than that for the NMP-22 test (66.6%). Measuring the urinary survivin level was a more accurate test than the urinary NMP-22 test and the urine cytology for the detection of lower grade and superficial bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The urinary survivin test was superior to urine cytology for sensitivity and specificity, and these two parameters of the urinary survivin test were higher than those of the NMP-22 test. Especially, the urinary survivin test is an accurate diagnostic test for superficial and lower grade bladder tumor. Our results suggested that the urinary survivin test appears to be a reliable diagnostic test to identify patients with bladder cancer.