Pseudoaneurysm of the Breast after 14-Gauge Core Biopsy: Case Report

A pseudoaneurysm of the breast after a core needle biopsy is an extremely rare vascular complication. We report one case of a breast pseudoaneurysm that developed after an ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy. The ultrasound appearance, prevention and treatment of a breast pseudoaneurysm are discussed.

Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Mentalis Muscle: A Case Report

Intramuscular hemangiomas are uncommon tumors of the head and neck, consistituting of 0.8% of all hemangioma, but often occur in the trunk and extremities. In the head and neck area, the masseter and trapezius muscle occur frequently, in which diagnosis is often difficult even with accurate preoperative imaging. The definitive diagnosis is made by histological study of the surgical biopsy specimen. Treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of intramuscular hemangioma of the mentalis muscle to be reported in korea.

Advantage of a New Epineural Nerve Repair Technique: Oblique Coaptation

In 1999 Kayikcioglu and his colleagues invented the oblique nerve coaptation technique which increases coaptation surface and proved that their technique is superior to conventional vertical coaptation technique. This method is useful but it is not fit for a clinical application because the sciatic nerve was cut obliquely and repaired immediately in their experiment. In that case, we couldn't exclude the possibility of the improved effect by increased orientation of nerve fiber. Using different nerves we could exclude the effect by orientation improvement and prove the superiority of the oblique nerve coaptation technique in functional restoration. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The tibial nerve and the peroneal nerve were cut randomly to 30 degree and 90 degree on each side. The distal stump of the tibial nerve and the proximal stump of the peroneal nerve were repaired with 10-0 nylon under microscopic view. 12 weeks after nerve coaptation, nerve conduction velocity of extensor digitorum longus muscle, moist weight and histological analysis of extensor digitorum longus muscle, and myelinated axonal count and histological analysis of peroneal nerve were investigated. The results showed the nerves of oblique coaptation(30 degree transection angle) group are more regenerated than those of vertical coaptation(90 degree transection angle) group and nerve conduction velocity and moist weight of extensor digitorum longus muscle are also increased in oblique coaptation group. From these results we came to a conclusion that the oblique nerve coaptation technique is superior to the conventional technique and may be helpful in innervated free flap or nerve graft.

The Effect of Poly-L-lysine on Proliferation and Differentiation of Preadipocyte in the Alginate Gels

Alginate is widely used for scaffold in tissue engineering. However, it has a limitation of cell proliferation due to the lack of cell-to-matrix adhesion. Authors were trying to find out that the alginate gel become an efficient three-dimensional biomatrix in case of mixing with poly-L-lysine (PLL). After harvesting preadipocyte from rat epididymal fat, the proper concentration of PLL for an efficient cell culture was examined in the alginate gel and the level of proliferation of cells were measured in order to find out the efficacy of PLL for the experimental group(alginate/PLL mixed gel) compared to the control group(alginate gel without PLL). In addition, the number of surviving cell was counted and the fat cell stained with oil-red O was observed on the 21st day of the culture. The preadipocytes in the alginate gel were most viable in the PLL concentration of 50 microgram/ml. After 4 days in culture, the level of cell proliferation and the number of preadipocytes were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group. A small number of fat cells stained with oil-red O were starting to be appeared on the 14th day and the larger number of cells on the 21st day of the culture in two groups. These results suggest that PLL increased the proliferation of preadipocyte in the alginate gel through the enhancement of cell-to-matrix adhesion. It also shows that alginate has the advantage of inducing the differentiation of preadipocyte in case of alginate/PLL mixed gel. In conclusion, alginate/PLL mixed gel is turned out to be effective for making a three-dimensional biomatrix.

Mazabraud's Syndrome: A case report

Mazabraud's syndrome is rare benign disease characterized by the association of intramuscular myxoma and fibrous dysplasia of bone. We present a case of multiple intramuscular myxomas of the right forearm with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. X-rays suggested fibrous dysplasia of adjacent bones and CT scans showed two intramuscular cystic masses on the right forearm. 99mTc bone scintigraphy also showed a markedly increased uptake in the skull, both scapulas, both clavicles and both humeri. The masses were successfully removed. Fibrous dysplasia of the radius and myxoma were confirmed by pathologic study.

The Effects of Deferoxamine on the Oxygen Free Radical and Neutrophil in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Adequate circulation is indispensable for flap survival. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the causes of flap necrosis. Current evidence suggests that tissue damage associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and inflammatory responses may be mediated by oxygen free radicals and neutrophils. Oxygen free radicals can directly alter structural component of tissue, attack membrane phospholipids and produce the chemotactic factor for neutrophil which is main cell in inflammatory reactions and an important source of oxygen free radicals. Deferoxamine is well known as a powerful chelator of iron and free radical scavenger. It is also known to decrease the skin flap necrosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of deferoxamine on the oxygen free radicals and neutrophils after ischemia-reperfusion injury of skin flaps. A 6 x 3 cm sized island skin flap was made on the left abdomen of rat and the epigastric pedicle was occluded for 6 hours. Thirty minutes before reperfusion, the flaps were perfused with normal saline or deferoxamine. The flap survival rates were assessed by computerized planimetry on the fifth day after reperfusion. Tissues for assay of MDA and MPO were obtained at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after reperfusion. The results were as follows: 1. Deferoxamine administration groups improved flap survival rates significantly compared to control groups (78.3+/-13.2%, 54.6+/-6.35%) (p = 0.0011). 2. The level of MDA was significantly lowered in deferoxamine administration groups compared to control groups(p<0.05). The levels of MDA were increased over time in each group but, the ircrement was steeper in control groups than that in deferoxamine administration groups. In control groups, the increment between 6 and 12 hours was argest. 3. MPO content was increased over time in each group but significantly low in deferoxamine administration groups compared to control groups(p<0.05). The increment of control groups was steeper than that of deferoxamine administration groups. We conclude that deferoxamine improve the flap survival rates after reperfusion injury by inhibition of production of oxygen free radicals and neutrophil influx via a free radical scavenger 8 anti-inflammatory action.

The Cytotoxicity of Poly - L - lysine in Different Concentration to Preadipocytes Harvested from Living Rats

Authors are trying to prove the fact that Poly-L-lysine (PLL) might be mixed with alginate to enhance cell-to- matrix adhesion. Before that experiment, the proportion of preadipocytes in cells obtained from rat epididymal fat was detected, and PLL cytotoxicity on preadipocytes was measured. All cells harvested after third passage of culture were differentiated into adipocytes, and there was no decrease in the proliferation of preadipocytes in the culture media under the PLL concentration of 5 microgram/m4. These results suggest that all cells harvested from rat epididymal fat after 3rd passage of culture were preadipocytes and PLL has no cytotoxicity to preadipocytes of rats under the concentration of 5 microgram/mP.

The effects of prestaglandin Ea o the synthesis of type I collagenase mRNA of cultured fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar and keloid

To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1(PGX1) in prevention of proliferative scar formation, we cultured fibroblasts of normal skin (NS), hypertrophic scar (HS) and keloid (KL) tissues obtained from patients. We have compared type I collagenase production of cultured fibroblasts from normal skin, hypertrophic scar, and keloid tissues under various concentrations of PGE1. Our results demonstrate that type I collagenase production was significantly increased after addition of PGE1 in HS and KL, but not NS. Type I collagenase production of HS and KL fibroblasts were increased similarly in 10M and 10M of PGE1 and maximally increased in the concentration of 10M. This promotive effects of PGE1 on the production of type I collagenase was larger in KL than in HS. These results also suggest that PGE1 may play the promotive effects on type I collagenase production in dose-dependent manner. PGE1 may have a role in the prevention of hypertrophic scar and keloid by enhancing the production of type I collagenase of HS and KL fibroblasts. The promotive effects of PGE1 on type I collagenase production was variable depending on its concentration, and its effects was maximum in certain optimal condition. The maximally effective concentration of PGE1 in the prevention of proliferative scar formation should be searched in further investigations for clinical use.

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using Laminar Bone Block / 대한척추외과학회지

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study analyzing the results of posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) using laminar bone block and pedicle screw instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the clinical and radiological results of PLIF using laminar bone block to evaluate whether this method is clinically valuable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to February 1998, twenty three patients were treated by PLIF using bone block obtained from spinous process, facets and lamina. All of the patient were followed up over 12 months clinically. The mean age was 49 years and mean follow-up was 13.6 months. The clinical results were evaluated by Kim's criteria and adiological union, subsidence of disc space and change of lordotic curve were assessed by simple X-ray. RESULTS: The satisfactory clinical result rate was 82.6% and radiological union rate was 92.3%. The mean subsidence of disc space and change of lordotic curve were 2.0 mm and 2.2 degrees. There were four complications : two minimal dural tear, one pedicle screw breakage and one superficial infection. CONCLUSION: PLIF using laminar bone block showed acceptable radiological union rate and clinical results. It could be a good alternative to obtain bony union without taking bone graft from the posterior ilium in various spinal lesions.