A Case of Osteoma between the Malleus and Incus / 대한이비인후과학회지

We present a case of osteoma that was diagnosed incidentally in the middle ear. Osteomas are benign tumors and may occur as a solitary lesion in the squama, mastoid, middle ear and petrous pyramid. Even though osteomas in the middle ear are extremely rare, those lesions may be one of the causes of the conductive hearing loss by impinging upon the ossicular chain. There are only 22 cases of osteoma reported in the medical literature to date. In most patients, the diagnosis is confirmed by CT scan or at the time of surgery. CT scanning of these disorders is very useful, especially in examining the extent of the lesion and detailed bone destruction.

Bilateral Bifurcation of the Mastoid Segment of the Facial Nerve / 대한이비인후과학회지

The facial nerve is the most important structure in the ear surgery. The presence of an anomalous route of the facial nerve is rarely encountered, and this occurs more frequently in the presence of a middle ear malformation. However, anomalies of the facial nerve in the normal temporal bone remain poorly defined. Information about this anomaly has a certain practical value in reducing the incidence of facial nerve injuries in the middle ear and the mastoid surgery. In this article, we report a case of a 33-year-old man with bifurcation of the mastoid segment of the facial nerve on both sides, combined with attic cholesteatoma on the right ear.

Otologic Evaluation in Children with Turner Syndrome / 대한소아내분비학회지

PURPOSE: Patients with Turner syndrome have been frequently suspected to have associated various otologic disorders and hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the otologic problems in children with Turner Syndrome. METHODS: Twenty patients aged 5 to 20 years who were diagnosed as Turner syndrome were evaluated audiologically. RESULTS: Five subjects (25.0%) had previous histories of otitis media. An audiological examination was performed for all subjects and revealed normal hearing in 13 patients (65.0%), unilateral hearing loss in 3 patients (15.0%) and bilateral hearing loss in 4 patients (20.0%). Type of the hearing loss was conductive in 3 ears (7.5%), mixed in 2 ears (5.0%) and sensorineural in 6 ears (15.0%). Degree of hearing loss was mild in 9 ears, moderate in 1 ear and moderately severe in 1 ear. The incidence of hearing loss according to the karyotype revealed 10 ears (41.7%) in total deletion of Xp but only 1 ear (6.3%) in partial deletion of Xp. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that the otitis media and hearing loss were one of the common findings in children with Turner syndrome. These results emphasize the importance of regular otological examinations and audiological evaluation in children with Turner syndrome for quality of life.

Effect Of Hydration Time Of Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone On Early Bone Regeneration In Osseous Defects In Rats

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between the hydration time of demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB) and early new bone formation in rat calvarial defects filled with DFDB. Rats (n = 43) were divided into 4 experimental groups. Standard, transosseous circular defects of the calvaria were made midparietally. In experimental group 1, the defect was grafted immediately after soaking the DFDB. In experimental group 2, the defects were grafted with DFDB after soaking the DFDB for 10 minutes. In experimental groups 3 and 4, the defects were filled after soaking the DFDB for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Graft sites were analyzed histologically after healing periods of 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Each group showed similar bone regeneration at each time point by histological analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After 1 week, a significant amount of inflammation, granulation tissue, and edema were found. A small amount of bone was seen, but the amount of bone did not differ between groups. 2. After 2 weeks, a small amount of new bone formation and DFDB resorption were observed. 3. After 4 weeks, a greater amount of new bone formation was observed. The greatest amount of bone formation occurred in experimental group 4 after 4 weeks. We conclude that the hydration time of DFDB does not affect new bone formation and that it is very important to control inflammation in bone grafting.

Otitis Media Following General Anesthesia: A Case Report

A rare case of otitis media following general anesthesia is presented. There was no obvious cause of otitis media. Normal functioning resumed after one week. The patient was given medications including antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conscious sedative drugs: A Clinical Study

Fibromyxoma Arising from the Maxilla: A Case Report / 대한이비인후과학회지

Fibromyxomatous lesions of the maxilla are rare. Although other locations are also uncommon, this tumor can occasionally be found in jawbone. They are slow-growing, which result in expansion of the surrounding bony cortices. Maxillary and man-dibular myxomas are locally aggressive neoplasms that are thought to arise from fibroblasts of the dental papilla or sinonasal mucosa. The precise origin of these tumors, however, remains controversial. When present in the maxilla, they can extend into the maxillary sinus, the nose, or the orbit. The differential diagnosis should be made from neoplasms in which myxomatous change can be a prominent secondary feature such as liposarcomas, chondrosarcomas, and neurofibromas. We report a case with a large maxillary mass occluding the nasal cavity and expanding hard palate and gingivobuccal area. The histopathologic diagnosis was odontogenic fibromyxoma originating from canine tooth. The treatment was medial maxillectomy.

The Variation in Otoacoustic Emission Data according to the Different Location of Probe / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Microphones designed to measure otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) from the human ear canal typically sample the sound field in the canal some 15-20 mm away from the tympanic membrane. Discrepancies inevitably arise at high frequencies between the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane and at the entrance to the emission probe from sound reflected by the tympanic membrane due to incomplete absorption. A previous work on the ear canal acoustics suggests the emission probe underestimate the sound pressure level of the stimulus at the tympanic membrane by as much as 15-20 dB for the stimulus frequencies near 5-7 KHz. Materials and Method: This study checked the variation of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distorsion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for the situations of probe which were controlled by ear canal volume. RESULTS: All mean values on TEOAEs (stimulus level, echo response, reproducibility) significantly increased (p 0.05) as the ear canal volume decreased. The mean amplitude of DPOAEs significantly increased at 1.6, 2, 25, 3.2, 4 (F2 frequency) and the variation of the mean noise level was statistically significant at 1, 2, 4 KHz (F2 frequency). The mean signal to noise ratio on DPOAEs significantly increased at 1, 2, 3.2, 4, 6.3 KHz (F2 frequency). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the reliability of measurements of otoacoustic emissions should be improved when the probe is located nearer to the tympanic membrane.

A Model of Human Nose and Paranasal Sinuses for the Study of Sinus Ventilation / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis of chronic paranasal sinusitis has been gradually clarified, but there have been conflicting arguments on the ventilation of paranasal sinus. The aim of the present study is to establish an objective, quantitative and reproducible method for the investigation of the ventilation of paranasal sinuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the axial images of high resolution computed tomography, a fine model of human paranasal sinus was made. The model was fitted with pressure sensors, and the pressure changes in the nasal cavity, frontal, maxillary and sphenoid sinuses were measured by pressure sensors and digital physiograph during nasopharyngeal respiration. RESULTS: Results demonstrated negative pressures compared to the atmospheric pressure during inspiration and positive pressures during expiration in the sinonasal cavities, and the highest and lowest pressures were measured in the nasal cavity. CONCLUSION: This study introduces another method for the investigation on the sinus ventilation through a model study. And this study model has demonstrated that the ventilation of paranasal sinuses depends on nasal respiration. Furthermore, the method is useful to evaluate the results of nasal and sinus surgeries in the case of an obstructed ostium, deviated septum or hypertrophied turbinates.