ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative prognosis and progression in patients who received laparoscopic-assisted adenomyomectomy using the double flap method. METHODS: The pelvic cavity was explored by the conventional laparoscopic method, and drainage was achieved through a 5-mm trocar. After a small incision in the abdomen, the uterus was incised from the fundus to the upper cervical margin until exposing the endometrial cavity. Adenomyotic tissue was removed using a scalpel, scissors, or monopolar electrical bovie. The endometrial cavity was repaired with interrupted sutures using 2-0 vicryl. One side of the serosal flap was used to cover the endometrial side of the uterus. The second serosal flap covered the first flap after removal of the serosal surface of the first flap. RESULTS: From January 2008 to March 2012, there were 11 cases of laparoscopic-assisted adenomyomectomy at Chungnam National University Hospital. Nine cases were analyzed, excluding two cases with less than one year of follow-up. The average patient age was 37.0 years and average follow-up duration was 32.8 months. All patients showed improvement in dysmenorrhea (P < 0.001) and hypermenorrhea (P = 0.001) after surgery and were evaluated by visual analogue scale score. However, symptoms of adenomyosis were aggravated in three patients. Adenomyosis was progressed in the side opposite the site of operation. One patient required a total laparoscopic hysterectomy 27 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic-assisted adenomyomectomy using the double flap method is effective for uterine reduction and relief of dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea. Conservative management and careful follow-up are needed because adenomyosis can recur or progress in some patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Abdomen , Adenomyosis , Drainage , Dysmenorrhea , Follow-Up Studies , Hysterectomy , Laparoscopy , Menorrhagia , Polyglactin 910 , Prognosis , Surgical Instruments , Sutures , UterusABSTRACT
Effective microorganism (EM) fermentation extract has been widely used for agricultural and environmental application. It has been recently revealed that EM cocktail treatment may be effective for treatment of diseases including cancer. In the present study, effectiveness of EM cocktail to control asthma was investigated using a mouse model of allergic asthma. Asthmatic mice sensitized and intranasally challenged with OVA were orally given EM fermentate (EM-1(R) during antigen challenge. Administration of EM-1(R) resulted in a significant reduction in airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and airway recruitment of total leukocytes and eosinophils. Cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IFNgamma) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were not altered by EM-1(R) treatment. However, IL-13 level in BALF was considerably lower in EM-1(R) treated mice than in controls. Moreover, Ag-specific IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production of draining lymph node cells were markedly downregulated by EM-1(R) treatment when compared to controls, whereas their IFNgamma production was not significantly different. Those data show that EM-1(R) treatment suppresses type 2 helper T (Th2), but not type 1 helper T (Th1), cell response. This finding was also supported by serum antibody data showing that IgE and IgG1 levels in EM-1(R) treated mice were significantly lower than in controls, while IgG2a level was not significantly different between two groups. In conclusion, oral administration of EM-1(R) attenuates asthmatic manifestations including AHR and airway recruitment of eosinophils in a mouse model and which possibly results from selective inhibition of Th2 cell response to allergen. Our data also suggest that EM-1(R) may be effectively applied for control of allergic asthma.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Oral , Asthma , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Eosinophils , Fermentation , Immunoglobulin E , Immunoglobulin G , Inflammation , Interleukin-13 , Interleukin-4 , Interleukin-5 , Leukocytes , Lung , Lymph Nodes , Ovum , Pneumonia , Th2 CellsABSTRACT
Effective microorganism (EM) fermentation extract has been widely used for agricultural and environmental application. It has been recently revealed that EM cocktail treatment may be effective for treatment of diseases including cancer. In the present study, effectiveness of EM cocktail to control asthma was investigated using a mouse model of allergic asthma. Asthmatic mice sensitized and intranasally challenged with OVA were orally given EM fermentate (EM-1(R) during antigen challenge. Administration of EM-1(R) resulted in a significant reduction in airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and airway recruitment of total leukocytes and eosinophils. Cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IFNgamma) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were not altered by EM-1(R) treatment. However, IL-13 level in BALF was considerably lower in EM-1(R) treated mice than in controls. Moreover, Ag-specific IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production of draining lymph node cells were markedly downregulated by EM-1(R) treatment when compared to controls, whereas their IFNgamma production was not significantly different. Those data show that EM-1(R) treatment suppresses type 2 helper T (Th2), but not type 1 helper T (Th1), cell response. This finding was also supported by serum antibody data showing that IgE and IgG1 levels in EM-1(R) treated mice were significantly lower than in controls, while IgG2a level was not significantly different between two groups. In conclusion, oral administration of EM-1(R) attenuates asthmatic manifestations including AHR and airway recruitment of eosinophils in a mouse model and which possibly results from selective inhibition of Th2 cell response to allergen. Our data also suggest that EM-1(R) may be effectively applied for control of allergic asthma.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Oral , Asthma , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Eosinophils , Fermentation , Immunoglobulin E , Immunoglobulin G , Inflammation , Interleukin-13 , Interleukin-4 , Interleukin-5 , Leukocytes , Lung , Lymph Nodes , Ovum , Pneumonia , Th2 CellsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: CD30 is a member of TNF receptor family and expressed on lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells following activation as well as Hodgkin and Reed- Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, CD30-mediated regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression on normal activated mouse T cells was investigated. METHODS: Mouse T cells were activated with anti-CD3 antibody for induction of CD30, which was cross-linked by immobilized anti-CD30 antibody. RESULTS: High level of CD30 expression on T cells was observed on day 5, but only little on day 3 even under culture condition resulting in an identical T cell proliferation, indicating that CD30 expression requires a prolonged stimulation up to 5 days. Cross-linking of CD30 alone altered neither proliferation nor apoptosis of normal activated T cells. Instead, CD30 appeared to promote cell adherence to culture substrate, and considerably upregulated ICAM-1 and, to a lesser extent, ICAM-2 expression on activated T cells, whereas CD2 and CD18 (LFA-1) expression was not affected. None of cytokines known as main regulators of ICAM-1 expression on tissue cells (IL 4, IFNgamma and TNFalpha) enhanced ICAM-1 expression in the absence of CD30 signals. On the other hand, addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor, PDTC (0.1 mM) completely abrogated the CD30-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 expression, but not CD2 and ICAM-2 expression. CONCLUSION: This results support that CD30 upregulates ICAM-1 expression of T cell and such regulation is not mediated by higher cytokine production but NF-kappaB activation. Therefore, CD30 may play important roles in T-T or T-B cell interaction through regulation of ICAM-1, and -2 expression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Apoptosis , Cell Adhesion Molecules , Cell Adhesion , Cell Communication , Cell Proliferation , Cytokines , Hand , Hodgkin Disease , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 , Lymphocytes , NF-kappa B , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor , T-Lymphocytes , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Large numbers of reports have shown that thermal injury (TI) causes a wide spectrum of defects in immune response that lead to a high susceptibility to various opportunistic infections. However, it is still a matter of debate whether TI induces Th2 polarization or global impairment in Th1/Th2 response. In this study, TI in a mouse model was induced by exposing shaved dorsal skin to boiling water and cytokine production was analyzed. At day 2 of injury, whole spleen cells and T cells were collected and then stimulated with an anti-CD3 antibody. The levels of cytokine secretion were determined by cytokine ELISA. Production of IFNgamma and IL 4 by whole spleen cells from injured mice were concurrently decreased when compared to those from sham-injured controls. Proportional changes in T, B, and T-subset cells were not accompanied. Using purified T cells devoid of accessory cells (AC), it was shown that those defects resulted primarily from lowered T cell potentials. By using mixed cultures of sham T and TI-AC and vice versa, it was revealed that AC also acted as inhibitor cells in IFNgamma and IL 4 production in less extent. Blockade of glucocorticoid signals rendered the T cells partially resistant to TI-induced inhibition in IFNgamma and but not IL 4 production. These results clearly demonstrate that TI induces overall suppression in Th1 and Th2 response through T cell dysfunction together with the inhibition of AC activity, and that reduction in only IFNgamma but not IL 4, production may be caused, in part, by corticosteroid hormone that is secreted prominently during trauma.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Opportunistic Infections , Skin , Spleen , T-Lymphocytes , WaterABSTRACT
Regarding numerical changes of leukocytes involved in immune defects following thermal injury, a lot of controversial results have been reported. In this study, the changes of leukocyte number and distribution were examined and compared in spleen and lymph nodes of thermally injured mice. Mice (Balb/c) were anesthetized by intraqeritoneal injection of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol and thermally injured by immersion of hair-removed dorsal skin (15% total body surface) in a boiling water bath (96`C) for 7 seconds. Both of lymph node cell (LNC) and spleen cell (SPC) numbers decreased significantly at day 2 of injury and thereafter rebounded, but in a distinct pattern; 1) LNC numer returned to over normal level at day 6 and normalized again, whereas SPC number increased gradually over normal level and sustained until day 24 of injury. 2) Such increase of LNC and SPC number coincided with higher proportion of PMN and relative decline of lymphacytes, particularly CD3 T cells rather than slg' B cells, but such alteration was more significant in spleen. The changes of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) number was comparable to those of SPC. These data suggest that the cause of immune modulation in thermally injured mice acts systemically. In addition, it is noteworthy that reduction of lymphocyte and CD3 T cell proportions was due to relative increase of PMN number, not the decrease of absolute number of lymphocytes. Spontaneous recovery of injured mice in this study also implicates that increase of PMN number may be responsible for recovery from injury without infection. Finally, the CD4'/CD8' ratio of injured mice was lower only at day 2 ot injury, but not significantly, than that of control group. It is likely that contribution of Th/Ts ratio to immune defect after thermal injury should be determined together with other factors, such as injured body surface % and severity of injury.
Subject(s)
Mice , AnimalsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Cefodizime is a new third-generation cephalosporin which has a structure and immunomodutation properties similar to cefotaxime. Various studies on cefodizime have demonstrated the direct eradication of bacteria in cooperation with the host defense mechanism, particularly with phagocytosis. We evaluated the effects of cefodizime on the phagocytosis of COS-1 cells transfected with FcgammaRI/gammagamma or FcgammaRIIA cDNA. METHODS: Phagocytosis was measured using the in vitro COS-1 cell modeling system according to Schreiber's method. COS-1 cells, which lack endogenoous Fcgammareceptors but have phagocytic potential, were transfected with either FcgammaRI/gammagammaor FcgammaRIIA cDNA. COS-1 cells, as target cells, were treated with antibiotics for 1 or 24 hours and incubated for 30 min with IgG coated sheep RBCs. Adhered IgG coated sheep RBCs were removed after brief exposure to hypotonic phosphate buffered saline. Phagocytosis index (PI) was calculated as the number of ingested RBCs per 100 phagocytic cells after wright-Giemsa staining. RESULTS: COS-1 cells tranfected with FcgammaR (either FcgammaRI/gammagamma or FcgammaRIIA cDNA) showed the phagocytic activity against IgG coated sheep RBC, while untransfected COS-1 cells did not. After treatment with cefodizime, phagocytic activity of FcgammaRI/gammagammacDNA transfected COS-1 cells was significantly increased, while that of FcgammaRIIA cDNA transfected COS-1 cells did not. Marked enhancement of phagocytosis of COS-1 cells was observed after treatment with cefodizime, but was not observed with ceftriaxone or moxalactam. CONCLUSION: Cefodizime showed marked enhancement of phagocytic activity of FcgammaR transfected COS-1 cells. FcgammaRI seems to play an important role in the enhancement of phagocytosis. Further studies will be required.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Cefotaxime , Ceftriaxone , COS Cells , DNA, Complementary , Immunoglobulin G , Moxalactam , Phagocytes , Phagocytosis , SheepABSTRACT
An activation antigen, CD30 was initially identified on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells. CD30 expression is observed on activated, but not on resting, T and B lymphocytes. Despite of numerous studies, the functions of CD30 in physiological condition remains open question. Moreover, CD30 expression of normal B lymphocytes has been poorly documented. In this study, CD30 expression of murine B lymphocytes and its regulation was analyzed. Murine splenic B (SP-B) cells obtained by adherence were used for activation with LPS or plate-bound anti-mouse IgM. LPS stimulation resulted in B cell proliferation. However, stimulation with plate-bound anti- mouse IgM (pb anti-mlgM) induced blast cell formation but did not increase cell number. Both stimulation induced minimal expression of CD30. Substantial CD30 expression of SP-B cells was induced by IL 4, which upregulated both of proliferation and CD30 expression of activated SP-B cells. Highest level of CD30 expression was detected at day 3 of stimulation. IL 2 enhanced B cell proliferation but not CD30 expression and rather reduced IL 4-mediated upregulation of CD30 expression. These data suggest that the signaling pathway for B cell proliferation is different from that for induction of CD30 expression and IL 4 exerts a pivotal role in CD30 expression of both T and B cells. In addition, T and B cells may show distinct response to other cytokines such as IL 2 in CD30 expression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Ki-1 Antigen , B-Lymphocytes , Cell Count , Cell Proliferation , Cytokines , Immunoglobulin M , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, we have tried to isolate and identify herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV 2) from clinical specirnens, which were inoculated into Vero cell line and grown. Eight strains of viruses were isolated from 20 suspected cases diagnosed from the pr ivate clinics in Seoul. Viruses isolated from 4 rnale and 1 female cases with active lesion were identified to the HSV 2 by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody to HSV-2. In addition, morphology of the isolated viruses were observed under electron microscope.