Cataract and its risk factor among adults residing in South Bihar, India

Background: Cataract is considered as one of the most common causes of visual impairment and the leading cause of blindness in the world. Age related cataract occurs in people above 50 years of age and the its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for cataract.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among adults residing at urban areas of South Bihar. The data was collected by interview method, using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which contains socio-demographic data, dietary habits, history of diabetes or hypertension, family history of cataract and long-term sun exposure.Results: Among 240 participants, 94 (39.2%) were male and 146 (60.8%) were female. Maximum participants were aged more than 70 years. The prevalence of cataract was 52.1%.Conclusions: The prevalence of cataract was quite high and was significantly associated with age, long term sun exposure and family history of cataract.

common causes leading to pancytopenia in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of common causes leading to Pancytopenia in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital at Karachi

Methods: A total of 62 patients with the diagnosis of Pancytopenia of more than one week duration were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a detailed medical history and full physical examination followed by blood sampling for the investigations i.e. complete blood count with peripheral film, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], Malarial parasites [MP], liver function test, Renal function tests, PT and viral profile [HBsAg, Anti-HCV], Ultrasonography of abdomen. All patients underwent bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy for reporting and interpretation. Duration of study was six months, from May 2010 to November 2010

Results: The average age of the patients was 37.76 +/- 16.38years. Out of 62 patients, 36 [58%] were male and 26 [42%] were female. Megaloblastic anemia was the commonest cause that was observed in 41.9% cases followed by acute myeloid leukemia 27.4%, aplastic anemia 19.4% and erythroid hyperplasia 11.3%

Conclusion: This study concluded that most common cause of pancytopenia is Megaloblastic anemia, followed by acute myeloid leukemia and aplastic anemia. Bone marrow examination is a single useful investigation which reveals the underlying cause in patients with pancytopenia