ABSTRACT
Objectives@#To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia obesity (SO) in healthy Indian adults and delineate the relative impact of the 3 indices of obesity [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass percent (FM%)] with regards to inter-definitional agreement and their relationship with usual gait speed (GS). @*Methods@#Apparently healthy adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with no background history of comorbidities were enrolled from the community by door-to-door survey. Following blood investigations, individuals with biochemical abnormalities were excluded. Enrolled participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 consensus based on indigenous cut-offs obtained from the Sarcopenia-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (Sarco-CUBES). Obesity was defined based on BMI (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) or WC (> 90 cm in men, > 80 cm in women) or DXA-derived FM% (> 32% in men, > 40% in women). @*Results@#Data of 804 participants were analyzed after exclusion. The mean ± SD for BMI, WC, and FM% were 26.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2, 86.8 ± 9.6, and 34.7 ± 7.3%, respectively. Prevalence of sarcopenia was 3.2%. Based on BMI, WC, and FM%, the prevalence of SO in elderly subjects (≥65 years) was 5.4%, 5.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. Using Cohen’s kappa, inter-definitional agreement between the 3 groups was ‘almost perfect’. FM%, and not BMI/WC, emerged as a significant predictor of GS on multiple linear regression analysis. @*Conclusions@#The prevalence of SO in healthy elderly Indian adults is 5.4%–6.3%. Either BMI/WC/FM% can be used to correctly identify individuals with SO.
ABSTRACT
Background/Aims@#The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is yet to be delineated clearly.Serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter, resides primarily in the gut and plays a vital role in GI system. However, no study has been documented the role of serotonin and serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphism in the development of GI symptoms in T2DM patients. @*Methods@#Three hundred diabetes patients attending diabetes clinic at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, and matched healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Plasma from collected blood sample was used for serotonin measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and buffy coat was used for isolation of DNA by phenol chloroform method.Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction method. @*Results@#The frequency of short allele (S) and SS genotype was significantly higher in patients with T2DM than controls and was associated with increased risk of T2DM. The frequency of LS genotype showed an association with protection from the disease. Regarding GI symptoms, 78.2% of patients with constipation showed LL and LS genotypes, and 97.7% of patients with diarrhea had SS genotype. The patients without GI symptoms did not show any association of gut motility with genotype. Furthermore, serotonin was significantly higher in diabetic patients who belonged to SS genotype compared to LS or LL genotype and who presented with diarrhea. @*Conclusion@#SS genotypes are prone to develop diarrhea because of faster gut motility resulting from higher serotonin levels as compared to LS and LL genotype in T2DM patients.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia obesity (SO) in healthy Indian adults and delineate the relative impact of the 3 indices of obesity [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass percent (FM%)] with regards to inter-definitional agreement and their relationship with usual gait speed (GS). @*Methods@#Apparently healthy adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with no background history of comorbidities were enrolled from the community by door-to-door survey. Following blood investigations, individuals with biochemical abnormalities were excluded. Enrolled participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 consensus based on indigenous cut-offs obtained from the Sarcopenia-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (Sarco-CUBES). Obesity was defined based on BMI (≥ 25.0 kg/m2) or WC (> 90 cm in men, > 80 cm in women) or DXA-derived FM% (> 32% in men, > 40% in women). @*Results@#Data of 804 participants were analyzed after exclusion. The mean ± SD for BMI, WC, and FM% were 26.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2, 86.8 ± 9.6, and 34.7 ± 7.3%, respectively. Prevalence of sarcopenia was 3.2%. Based on BMI, WC, and FM%, the prevalence of SO in elderly subjects (≥65 years) was 5.4%, 5.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. Using Cohen’s kappa, inter-definitional agreement between the 3 groups was ‘almost perfect’. FM%, and not BMI/WC, emerged as a significant predictor of GS on multiple linear regression analysis. @*Conclusions@#The prevalence of SO in healthy elderly Indian adults is 5.4%–6.3%. Either BMI/WC/FM% can be used to correctly identify individuals with SO.
ABSTRACT
Background/Aims@#The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is yet to be delineated clearly.Serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter, resides primarily in the gut and plays a vital role in GI system. However, no study has been documented the role of serotonin and serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) polymorphism in the development of GI symptoms in T2DM patients. @*Methods@#Three hundred diabetes patients attending diabetes clinic at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, and matched healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Plasma from collected blood sample was used for serotonin measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and buffy coat was used for isolation of DNA by phenol chloroform method.Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction method. @*Results@#The frequency of short allele (S) and SS genotype was significantly higher in patients with T2DM than controls and was associated with increased risk of T2DM. The frequency of LS genotype showed an association with protection from the disease. Regarding GI symptoms, 78.2% of patients with constipation showed LL and LS genotypes, and 97.7% of patients with diarrhea had SS genotype. The patients without GI symptoms did not show any association of gut motility with genotype. Furthermore, serotonin was significantly higher in diabetic patients who belonged to SS genotype compared to LS or LL genotype and who presented with diarrhea. @*Conclusion@#SS genotypes are prone to develop diarrhea because of faster gut motility resulting from higher serotonin levels as compared to LS and LL genotype in T2DM patients.
ABSTRACT
Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid adenoma in the majority of cases and diagnosis is usually made biochemically. Pre-surgical localization of parathyroid adenoma is essential to limit the extent of surgery and avoid missing them at ectopic sites. Anatomical and functional imaging are used for the localization, but may fail to identify the small and ectopic parathyroid adenoma. We present a case of small sized ectopic parathyroid adenoma at unusual location detected by F-18 fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT, where other imaging modalities failed. The post-operative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic parathyroid adenoma.