Comparative evaluation of chelating efficacy of nano-chitosan, pomegranate extract, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on primary radicular dentin An in vitro study

Background: Irrigation is a crucial aspect of root canal treatment, and it is imperative to employ chelating agents to eliminate the smear layer during biomechanical preparation. They in turn react with mineral content of dentin, leading to decreased strength and increased susceptibility to fracture. Aims: This study aimed to assess and compare mineral loss and microhardness from primary root canal dentin following the usage of different irrigating solutions and determine the least detrimental irrigant among the tested solutions. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six primary anterior teeth were divided into three groups with 22 in each– Group I: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Group II: 0.2% Nano chitosan Group III: Pomegranate extract. The decoronated teeth were split longitudinally. Half of it was directly subjected to Vickers test, and the other half was immersed in a magnetic stirrer bath containing test solution to record the mineral loss from solution. Postmicrohardness values were recorded on the specimen and compared with initial values. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (Version 20, SPSS, IBM, Armonk, NY, U. S. A). Results: Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the groups were compared using analysis of variance test and post hoc Tukey test. Pomegranate extract showed least effect on mineral content and microhardness compared to 17% EDTA and 0.2% nano chitosan. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: Pomegranate aril extract showed better results with selected parameters.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Actiniopteris Radiata

Objective: The medicinal plants have been using to treat ailments since ancient times. The recent advances in science and technology impel humans to evaluate medicinal plants therapeutic efficiency and isolation of bioactive compounds in pure forms before their use in development of new drugs and their derivatives. But even now, abundant medicinal plants unevaluated scientifically. The current study was aimed to explore phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Actiniopteris radiata root parts. Methods: Standard procedures have been used to perform phytochemical analysis. Antioxidant activity was carried using In vitro methods on superoxide, hydroxyl, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Hepatoprotective activity was studied by paracetamol-induced liver toxicity on WISTAR albino rats. The parameters assessed were Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT/AST), Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels. Results: The tested extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic) possess biologically active compounds such as sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids. The hydro-alcoholic extract has more phenolic contents (24.28±0.3) and flavonoid contents (22.68±0.6). The extracts showed dose dependent activity on tested free radicals and extracts showed more percentage inhibition at 320µg. The hydro-alcoholic extract showed more percentage inhibition i.e. 71.00±2.08 on DPPH free radical, 79.67±1.20 on hydroxyl free radical and 80.33±1.20 on superoxide free radical. As antioxidant activity of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts was less and they also showed less percentage protection on liver toxicity, hydro-alcoholic extract showed more percentage protection on biomedical enzyme levels of liver toxicity at high concentration i.e., 400 mg/kg b.w. The percentage protection on the enhancement of AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, and total bilirubin levels were 82.24%, 82.14%, 84.18%, and 82.85% are significant (P<0.01) as Liv52 shown percentage protection on the enhancement of Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels were 93.58%, 92.83%, 94.67% and 93.57%. Conclusion: The current study was aimed to explore phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Actiniopteris radiata root parts extracts. The outcome of the current research results provides scientific evidence of the traditional usage of Actiniopteris radiata.

Surgical management of plexiform ameloblastoma presenting as exophytic growth ­ A rare entity

Ameloblastoma is locally aggressive neoplasm of odontogenic origin comprising about 1% among tumours and cysts that usually occurs in the vicinity of the mandibular molars or ramus of the mandible. Predominantly occurring in third to fifth decade, with no gender propensity. Inadequate treatment may lead to recurrence in certain cases. Even though benign in growth, they are locally aggressive and can occasionally metastasize. Of them, a unique exophytic presentation of plexiform ameloblastoma in a 22-year-old male patient is documented as follows.

Deviation of paradigmatic mutations found in Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome

Shprintzen-Goldberg (S-G) Syndrome known as rare congenital connective tissue disorder where craniosynostosis and marfanoid habitus found to be the usual presentation. Craniofacial dysmorphism with multi-organ involvement documented to be amongst prominent features of this syndrome. Case characteristics is five-month-old male infant with craniosynostosis, and motor developmental delay was evaluated for congenital connective tissue disorder. Dysmorphic craniofacial features like dolichocephaly, triangular forehead, ocular hypertelorism, micrognathia and retrognathia were noticed besides congenital umbilical hernia, empty scrotal sac, clinodactyly with long slender fingers, hyper-mobile joints, hypotonia. Subsequent investigations revealed normal male karyotype (46, XY) while genetic analysis depicted missense mutations in six different genes. Conventionally, mutation in SKI gene reported for its' associated with S-G syndrome where dysregulation of TGF-? signaling was discussed as the primary reason. In the present case discussed here, it was found to have polygenic mutational association where few novel genetic mutations were seen.

Variant Anatomy of the Celiac Trunk and its Branches / Variación Anatómica del Tronco Celíaco y sus Ramas

The knowledge of abdominal vascular anatomy is very important for surgeons and radiologists to perform many of the clinical diagnostic evaluations. The celiac trunk, one of the branches of the abdominal aorta shows numerous variations in its branching pattern and its branches. The present study is to demonstrate the rare branching pattern of celiac trunk, into hepatogastric and hepatosplenic trunks. The hepatogastric trunk divided into left gastric and accessory left hepatic arteries and the hepatosplenic into common hepatic and splenic artery. The inferior phrenic artery was arising from left gastric artery. The gastroduodenal artery divided into right gastroepiploic artery and a common trunk for right gastric and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. The posterior superior pancreatico-duodenal artery was arising directly from the gastroduodenal artery and supraduodenal from proper hepatic artery. The variant anatomy of the celiac trunk as found in the present case may be clinically significant during invasive procedures like angiography, chemotherapy, chemoembolization and other surgical conditions of the abdomen.

El conocimiento de la anatomía vascular abdominal es importante para los cirujanos y radiólogos para realizar las evaluaciones de diagnóstico clínico. El tronco celíaco, una de las ramas de la parte abdominal de la aorta presenta numerosas variaciones en su patrón de ramificación y sus ramas colaterales. El presente estudio muestra un raro patrón de ramificación del tronco celíaco, en los troncos hepatogástrico y hepatoesplénico. El tronco hepatogástrico se dividió en las arterias gástrica izquierda y accesoria hepática izquierda, mientras que el hepatoesplénico en las arterias hepática común y esplénica. La arteria frénica inferior se originó desde la arteria gástrica izquierda. La arteria gastroduodenal se dividió en la arteria gastroepiploica derecha y en un tronco común para las arterias gástrica y pancreaticoduodenal anterosuperior. La arteria pancreaticoduodenal posterosuperior se originó directamente de la arteria gastroduodenal y la arteria supraduodenal de la arteria hepática. La variaciónanatómica del tronco celíaco presente en este caso puede ser clínicamente significativa durante procedimientos invasivos como la angiografía, quimioterapia, quimioembolización y afecciones quirúrgicas del abdomen.

Gene ordering in partitive clustering using microarray expressions.

A central step in the analysis of gene expression data is the identification of groups of genes that exhibit similar expression patterns. Clustering and ordering the genes using gene expression data into homogeneous groups was shown to be useful in functional annotation, tissue classification, regulatory motif identification, and other applications. Although there is a rich literature on gene ordering in hierarchical clustering framework for gene expression analysis, there is no work addressing and evaluating the importance of gene ordering in partitive clustering framework, to the best knowledge of the authors. Outside the framework of hierarchical clustering, different gene ordering algorithms are applied on the whole data set, and the domain of partitive clustering is still unexplored with gene ordering approaches. A new hybrid method is proposed for ordering genes in each of the clusters obtained from partitive clustering solution, using microarray gene expressions.Two existing algorithms for optimally ordering cities in travelling salesman problem (TSP), namely, FRAG_GALK and Concorde, are hybridized individually with self organizing MAP to show the importance of gene ordering in partitive clustering framework. We validated our hybrid approach using yeast and fibroblast data and showed that our approach improves the result quality of partitive clustering solution, by identifying subclusters within big clusters, grouping functionally correlated genes within clusters, minimization of summation of gene expression distances, and the maximization of biological gene ordering using MIPS categorization. Moreover, the new hybrid approach, finds comparable or sometimes superior biological gene order in less computation time than those obtained by optimal leaf ordering in hierarchical clustering solution.