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1.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 41: e43668, 20190000. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460871

ABSTRACT

The Insecta Class is the most diverse group of animals on the planet. A big part of this composition is available in the collections of Natural History Museums, being essential for researches and diffusion actions involving a specialized and lay public. This paper aimed to verify the importance of an entomological exhibition of a Science museum for the acquisition of new knowledge and conception change regarding insects. To this end, 128 fourth-graders from elementary school were asked to draw an insect and write a brief description of it in relation to their knowledge about insects. Then, they visited an entomological exhibition, and a week later, using the "stimulated recollection method", they made a new drawing and description. The extracted data were organized in categories and statistically analyzed. Significant changes were observe regarding the children’s knowledge and concepts on insects in most of the analyzed aspects, such as the decrease of drawings and descriptions of animals belonging to other taxonomic groups and an increase on correct descriptions of concepts.


Subject(s)
Entomology/education , Entomology/trends , Scientific Exhibitions
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(4): 537-541, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041471

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmania species cause skin, mucosal, and disseminated lesions. We studied the effects of three Leishmania species on ileal morphology in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) major (4 animals/group). After 72h, the ilea were collected and histologically processed. RESULTS: Following inoculation, the goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte populations increased, while Paneth cell number and crypt width decreased. In addition, enterocyte size, villi height, and mucosa, submucosa, and muscular tunic thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: Leishmania modified the quantity of cells in and morphology of mice ilea.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Leishmaniasis/parasitology , Leishmaniasis/pathology , Ileum/parasitology , Ileum/pathology , Leishmania/pathogenicity , Mice , Species Specificity , Disease Models, Animal , Leishmania/classification , Mice, Inbred BALB C
4.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 26(1): 47-53, Jan.-Mar. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-844138

ABSTRACT

Abstract Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important health problem, especially in immunocompromised hosts. T. gondii uses the gut wall as an infection gateway, with tropism for muscular and nervous tissues causing intestinal alterations, including some in the enteric nervous system. This study aims at investigating the colon of rats infected by T. gondii in order to understand how the amount of oocysts influences in myenteric neuronal changes. Sixty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into six groups. One group remained as a control and the others received inocula of 10, 50, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts of T. gondii. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of infection. The total neuronal population and the nitrergic subpopulation in the colon myenteric plexus of each animal was counted. The data were statistically analyzed showing less weight gain in rats with 10, 500 and 5,000 oocysts. A decrease in the number of total neurons with 50, 100 or 5,000 oocysts and an increase in the nitrergic population with 10, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts were verified. These results show that neuronal alterations are more significant when the infection is induced by larger inocula and reinforces the suspicion that neuronal loss is directed at cholinergic neurons.


Resumo A toxoplasmose, doença causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, é um importante problema de saúde, principalmente em imunocomprometidos. T. gondii utiliza a parede do intestino como porta de entrada no hospedeiro e tem tropismo pelos tecidos muscular e nervoso provocando alterações intestinais, inclusive no sistema nervoso entérico. Este estudo buscou analisar o cólon de ratos infectados por T. gondii para entender como a quantidade de oocistos influencia nas alterações neuronais mientéricas. Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) em seis grupos. Um dos grupos permaneceu como controle e os demais receberam inóculos de 10, 50, 100, 500 ou 5.000 oocistos de T. gondii. Os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia após 30 dias de infecção. No plexo mientérico do cólon dos animais foram quantificadas a população neuronal total e a subpopulação nitrérgica. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente demonstrando inferior ganho de peso nos ratos com 10, 500 e 5.000 oocistos. Verificamos diminuição no número de neurônios totais com inóculos de 50, 100 ou 5.000 oocistos e aumento da população nitrérgica com 10, 100, 500 ou 5000 oocistos. Estes resultados mostram que alterações neuronais são mais significativas quando a infecção é induzida por inóculos maiores e reforça a suspeita de perda neuronal direcionada a neurônios colinérgicos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/complications , Colon/parasitology , Neurons/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Toxoplasma , Rats, Wistar , Colon , Neurons/pathology
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(4): 1487-1493, Dec. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840913

ABSTRACT

Enteric nervous plexuses have been the object of several studies, specially the myenteric plexus whose studies describe its organization, functions and alterations. On the other hand, the submucosal plexus has been less studied and still needs descriptive studies. To analyze morphologically and quantitatively submucosal neurons of the jejunum of 90-day-old healthy rats using different techniques for neuronal staining as a way to provide normality data to compare with future experimental studies. Whole mount preparations of the jejunum were submitted to Giemsa, NADH-diaphorase and NADPH-diaphorase techniques to stain the total neuronal population, more metabolically active subpopulation and subpopulation of nitrergic neurons, respectively. Neurons of the submucosal plexus of adult rats are mainly organized in ganglia with varied sized and shapes. Giemsa technique stained 243.93 ± 7.68 neurons per mm2. Regarding the total population stained by Giemsa, NADH- diaphorase positive (139.09 ± 11.14/mm2) neurons represented 57 % and NADPH-diaphorase positive (18.17 ± 0.28/mm2) represented 7.5 %. The area of the cell body was bigger in nitrergic neurons (412.29 ± 150.22) than in the ones stained by Giemsa (254.71 ± 63.32) and NADH-diaphorase positive (243.98 ± 123.82).


El plexo nervioso entérico ha sido objeto de varios estudios, especialmente el plexo mientérico, cuyos estudios consisten en describir su organización, funciones y alteraciones. Por otro lado, el plexo submucoso ha sido menos investigado y todavía necesita estudios descriptivos. Para analizar morfológica y cuantitativamente las neuronas de la submucosa del yeyuno de ratas de 90 días de edad, se realizaron diferentes técnicas de tinción neuronales, en animales sanos, como una forma de proporcionar datos de normalidad y compararlo con futuros estudios experimentales. Se realizaron montajes con preparados enteros del yeyuno que fueron sometidos a las técnicas de Giemsa, de NADPH-diaforasa y NADH-diaforasa para teñir la población total neuronal, subpoblación más activa metabólicamente y subpoblación de neuronas nitrérgicas, respectivamente. Las neuronas del plexo submucoso de ratas adultas se organizan principalmente en los ganglios con variaciones de tamaño y formas. Con la técnica de Giemsa se tiñeron 243.93±7.68 neuronas por mm2. Con respecto a la población total teñida con Giemsa, fueron positivas para NADH- diaforasa en 139.09 ±11.14 / mm2 neuronas, representando el 57% y fueron positivas para NADPH-diaforasa en 18,17 ± 0,28 / mm2 neuronas, lo que representó el 7,5%. El área del cuerpo celular fue mayor en neuronas nitrérgicas (412,29 ± 150.22) que en las teñidas con Giemsa (254,71 ± 63,32) y NADH-diaforasa positivas (243,98 ± 123,82).


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Enteric Nervous System/anatomy & histology , NADPH Dehydrogenase , Submucous Plexus/anatomy & histology , Submucous Plexus/enzymology
6.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(3): 567-574, July-Sept. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828271

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The effect of glutamine dipeptide (GDP) supplementation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome was evaluated. A total of 22 patients took part in the study. GDP was supplied in 10 g sachets, and was dissolved in water immediately before use, with ingestion once a day, after lunch or after dinner (20 g/day) over a period of 30 days. Quantification of foot insensitive areas, oxidative stress, blood cytokines, and biochemical, hematological and toxicological parameters was performed before and after GDP supplementation. We observed an increase in blood levels of interferon-α (P=0.023), interferon-γ (P=0.038), interleukin-4 (P=0.003), interleukin-6 (P=0.0025), interleukin-7 (P=0.028), interleukin-12 p40 (P=0.017), interleukin-13 (P=0.001), leukocytes (P=0.037), eosinophils (P=0.049), and typical lymphocytes (P<0.001) due to GDP administration. In addition, we observed a reduced number (P=0.048) of insensitive areas on the foot, and reduction (P=0.047) of fasting hyperglycemia. Patients also showed increased blood high density lipoprotein (P<0.01) and protein thiol groups (P=0.004). These favorable results were associated with the absence of renal and hepatic toxicity. These results are of clinical relevance, since supplementation with GDP over 30 days improved clinical responses in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetic Foot , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Dipeptidases/analysis , Glutamine/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/rehabilitation
7.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 14(1)2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794399

ABSTRACT

Hypoptopomatinae is a monophyletic subfamily that includes 147 species, distributed in 20 genera. Otothyropsis is a genus of Hypoptopomatinae, recently described. Here, we provided the first cytogenetic information of Otothyropsis . The specimens were collected from córrego Dourado, a small tributary of rio Iguatemi, which flows into rio Paraná. The specimens of Otothyropsis cf. polyodon were analyzed with respect to diploid number, C-Band and Ag-NOR patterns. The diploid number was 54 chromosomes, distributed in 18 metacentric, 28 submetacentric, and 8 subtelocentric chromosomes, with single Ag-NOR and conspicuous heterochromatic blocks on the short and long arms of the 24th pair of chromosomes. Our study highlights the conservation trend of the diploid number (2n=54) and fundamental number (FN = 108) among the species of Hypoptopomatinae. However, the karyotype formula (18m+28sm+8st) seems to be specific to O. cf. polyodon , considering the other Hypoptopomatinae species already analyzed.


Hypoptopomatinae é uma subfamília monofilética que inclui 147 espécies distribuídas em 20 gêneros, sendo Otothyropsis um gênero recentemente descrito. Aqui, fornecemos a primeira informação citogenética do gênero Otothyropsis . Espécimes foram coletados no córrego Dourado, um pequeno tributário do rio Iguatemi, o qual deságua no rio Paraná. Espécimes de Otothyropsis cf. polyodon foram analisados em relação ao número diploide e padrões de Banda-C e Ag-NOR. O número diploide foi de 54 cromossomos, distribuídos em 18 metacêntricos, 28 submetacêntricos e 8 subtelocêntricos, com Ag-NOR simples e blocos heterocromáticos evidentes no braços curto e longo do par de cromossomos 24. Nosso estudo destaca a tendência de conservação do número diploide (2n=54) e número fundamental (NF=108) entre as espécies de Hypoptopomatinae. Entretanto, a fórmula cariotípica (18m+28sm+8st) parece ser específica para O. cf. polyodon, considerando as outras espécies de Hypoptopomatinae já analisadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cytogenetics/classification , Catfishes/classification , Catfishes/physiology , Catfishes/genetics , Heterochromatin/classification
8.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 34(2): 207-212, Apr.-June 2012. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-860032

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da oferta de uma dieta contendo 4% de proteínas para ratos adultos, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos do plexo mientérico do íleo. Vinte animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Controle (n = 10) que receberam ração comercial com 26% de proteína e Experimental (n = 10) alimentados com ração com teor proteico reduzido para 4%, durante 90 dias. Neurônios do plexo mientérico do íleo presentes em preparados totais foram evidenciados por intermédio da técnica de Giemsa e da NADH-diaforase. Tanto a população neuronal total, assim como a subpopulação NADH-diaforase positiva sofreram atrofia com redução da área do pericário, do núcleo e do citoplasma.


The effects of a 4%-protein diet in adult rats with respect to the morphometric aspects of the myenteric plexus in the ileum were assessed. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (n = 10), which received 26%-protein chow, and Experimental Group (n = 10), which received 4%-protein chow for 90 days. Neurons in the myenteric plexus in the ileum in whole mount were evidenced through Giemsa and NADH-diaphorase techniques. The overall neuronal population as well as the subpopulation positive for NADH diaphorase presented atrophy, with a reduction of the perikaryon, nucleus and cytoplasm.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Enteric Nervous System , Intestine, Small
9.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 34(2): 207-212, Apr.-June 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460712

ABSTRACT

The effects of a 4%-protein diet in adult rats with respect to the morphometric aspects of the myenteric plexus in the ileum were assessed. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (n = 10), which received 26%-protein chow, and Experimental Group (n = 10), which received 4%-protein chow for 90 days. Neurons in the myenteric plexus in the ileum in whole mount were evidenced through Giemsa and NADH-diaphorase techniques. The overall neuronal population as well as the subpopulation positive for NADH diaphorase presented atrophy, with a reduction of the perikaryon, nucleus and cytoplasm.


Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da oferta de uma dieta contendo 4% de proteínas para ratos adultos, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos do plexo mientérico do íleo. Vinte animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Controle (n = 10) que receberam ração comercial com 26% de proteína e Experimental (n = 10) alimentados com ração com teor proteico reduzido para 4%, durante 90 dias. Neurônios do plexo mientérico do íleo presentes em preparados totais foram evidenciados por intermédio da técnica de Giemsa e da NADH-diaforase. Tanto a população neuronal total, assim como a subpopulação NADH-diaforase positiva sofreram atrofia com redução da área do pericário, do núcleo e do citoplasma.

10.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 83(2): 545-555, June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589914

ABSTRACT

Define an experimental model by evaluating quantitative and morphometric changes in myenteric neurons of the colon of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Twenty-eight Swiss male mice were distributed into groups: control (CG, n=9) and inoculated with 100 (IG100, n=9) and 1000 (IG1000, n=10) blood trypomastigotes, Y strain-T. cruzi II. Parasitemia was evaluated from 3-25 days post inoculation (dpi) with parasites peak of 7.7 × 10(6) and 8.4 × 10(6) trypomastigotes/mL at 8th dpi (p>0.05) in IG100 and IG1000, respectively. Chronic phase of the infection was obtained with two doses of 100mg/Kg/weight and one dose of 250mg/Kg/weight of Benznidazole on 11, 16 and 18 dpi. Three animals from each group were euthanized at 18, 30 and 75 dpi. The colon was stained with Giemsa. The quantitative and morphometric analysis of neurons revealed that the infection caused a decrease of neuronal density on 30th dpi (p<0.05) and 75 dpi (p<0.05) in IG100 and IG1000. Infection caused death and neuronal hypertrophy in the 75th dpi in IG100 and IG1000 (p<0.05, p<0.01). The changes observed in myenteric neurons were directly related to the inoculate and the time of infection.


Definir um modelo experimental de avaliação de alterações quantitativas e morfométricas nos neurônios mientéricos do cólon de camundongos infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Vinte e oito camundongos Swiss machos foram distribuídos nos grupos: controle (GC, n=9) e infectados com 100 (IG100, n=9) e 1000 (IG1000, n=10) tripomastigotas sanguíneos, cepa Y-T. cruzi II. A parasitemia foi avaliada 3-25 dias pós inoculação (dpi), com pico de parasitos de 7,7 × 10(6) e 8,4 × 10(6) tripomastigotas/mL no 8º dpi (p>0,05) em IG100 e IG1000, respectivamente. A fase crônica da infecção foi obtida com duas doses de 100mg/Kg/weight e uma dose de 250mg/Kg/ weight do benznidazol, em 11, 16 e 18 dpi. Três animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados aos 18, 30 e 75 dpi. O cólon foi corado com Giemsa. A análise quantitativa e morfométrica de neurônios revelou que a infecção causou uma diminuição da densidade neuronal no 30º dpi (p<0,05) e 75 dpi (p<0,05) em IG100 e IG1000. A infecção causou morte e hipertrofia neuronal no 75º dpi em IG100 e IG1000 (p<0,05, p<0,01). As alterações observadas nos neurônios mientéricos foram diretamente relacionadas ao inóculo e tempo de infecção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Chagas Disease/pathology , Colon/innervation , Myenteric Plexus/parasitology , Neurons/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chronic Disease , Colon/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Myenteric Plexus/pathology , Neurons/pathology , Parasitemia , Time Factors
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(1): 293-298, Mar. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-591989

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was quantifying and morphologically analyzing the myenteric neurons of the small and large gastric curvatures of the glandular stomach of rats infected the tachyzoites of the Toxoplasma gondii for 30 days. Ten male rats were assigned into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Experimental Group (EG). The animals from the CG received saline solution orally whereas the EG animals received 104 tachyzoites of the T. gondii genotype III strain (BTU II). After 30 days, euthanasia was conducted for the removal of the stomach, which was dissected under the stereomicroscope for removal of the tunica mucosa and the tela submucosa. Whole mounts were stained with Giemsa. Quantification of the myenteric neurons was conducted by using a 40X-objective microscope in 40 microscopic fields for the region of the small gastric curvature and 40 fields for the large gastric curvature of the glandular stomach of the animals from both groups. The cell body of 50 myenteric neurons from each region was measured for each animal. Chronic experimental infection caused by the genotype III strain of Toxoplasma gondii was verified to reduce myenteric neuron density only in the small gastric curvature region of the glandular stomach, not resulting in significant changes in the size of the neurons.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivos cuantificar y analizar morfológicamente neuronas del plexo mientérico de las curvaturas gástricas menor y mayor del estómago glandular de ratones infectados durante 30 días por taquizoítos de Toxoplasma gondii. Fueron utilizados 10 ratas machos distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo control (GC) y grupo experimental (GE). Los animales del GC recibieron solución salina por vía oral y los animales del GE recibieron, por la misma vía, 104 taquizoítos de Toxoplasma gondii de una cepa genotipo III (cepa BTU II). Tras 30 días, se realizó eutanasia para retirar el estómago, que fue disecado bajo el estereomicroscopio para retirar la túnica mucosa y tela submucosa. Preparados de membrana fueron coloreados por la técnica de Giemsa. La cuantificación de neuronas mientéricas se realizó con microscopía óptica, con objetivo de 40X en 40 campos microscópicos para la región de la curvatura gástrica menor y 40 campos para la curvatura gástrica mayor del estómago glandular, en ambos grupos. Se midió el área del cuerpo celular de 50 neuronas mientéricas de cada región en cada animal. Se verificó que la infección experimental crónica provocada por la cepa de genotipo III de Toxoplasma gondii en ratones, redujo la densidad de neuronas mientéricas solamente en la región de curvatura gástrica menor del estómago glandular, no llevando a alteraciones significativas el tamaño de las neuronas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Myenteric Plexus , Toxoplasmosis/physiopathology , Toxoplasmosis/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar/physiology
12.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(9): 787-792, set. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-562964

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to analyze the effects of the Toxoplasma gondii infection in the intestinal wall and myenteric plexus of chicken (Gallus gallus). Ten 36-day-old chickens were separated into two groups: control and experimental, orally inoculated with oocysts of the T. gondii strain M7741 genotype III. After 60 days the birds were submitted to euthanasia and had their duodenum removed. Part of the intestinal segments was submitted to histological routine, HE staining, PAS histochemical technique, and Alcian Blue. Qualitative analysis of the intestinal wall and comparative measurements among the groups with respect to total wall thickness, muscle tunic, mucosa, and tunica mucosa were carried out. Caliciform cells were quantified. The other part of the intestinal segments was fixed in formol acetic acid and dissected having the tunica mucosa and the tela submucosa removed. Neurons were stained with Giemsa, counted, and measured. Chickens from the experimental group presented diarrhea and inflammatory infiltrates in the tunica mucosa, thickness reduction of all the parameters assessed in the intestinal wall, and an increase of the number of caliciform cells. There was a ~70 percent reduction regarding the intensity of myenteric neurons; and the remaining cells presented a reduction of ~2.4 percent of the perikarion and ~40.5 percent of the nucleus (p<0.05). Chronic infection induced by T. gondii oocysts resulted in intestinal wall atrophy, mucin secretion increase, death and atrophy of chicken myenteric plexus neurons. Death and atrophy of myenteric plexus neurons may be related with the causes of diarrhea observed in chickens with toxoplasmosis.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii sobre a parede intestinal e o plexo mientérico de Gallus gallus. Dez galinhas de 36 dias de idade separadas em dois grupos: controle e experimental inoculado com oocistos da cepa M7741 de T. gondii (genótipo III) pela via oral. Após 60 dias os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o duodeno coletado. Parte dos segmentos intestinais foi submetida à rotina histológica, coloração por HE e técnica histoquímica de PAS e Alcian Blue. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa da parede intestinal e medidas comparativas entre os grupos da espessura da parede total, túnica muscular, muscular da mucosa e túnica mucosa. As células caliciformes foram quantificadas. Outra parte dos segmentos intestinais foi fixada em formol acético e dissecada retirando-se a túnica mucosa e a tela submucosa. Os neurônios foram corados pela técnica de Giemsa, contados e mensurados. Os animais do grupo experimental apresentaram diarréia e infiltrados inflamatórios na túnica mucosa, redução da espessura de todos os parâmetros avaliados da parede intestinal e aumento do número das células caliciformes. Houve uma redução de ~70 por cento da densidade dos neurônios mientéricos e as células remanescentes sofreram redução de ~2,4 por cento do pericário e ~40,5 por cento do núcleo (p<0,05). A infecção crônica induzida por oocistos de T. gondii levou a atrofia da parede intestinal, aumento da secreção de mucinas, morte e atrofia dos neurônios do plexo mientérico de galinhas. A morte e atrofia dos neurônios do plexo mientérico podem estar envolvidas na causa da diarréia observada em galinhas com toxoplasmose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alcian Blue/analysis , Coloring Agents , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/surgery , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/pathology , Tissue and Organ Harvesting
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(2): 497-502, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577143

ABSTRACT

The effects of severe protein malnutrition on the morphometry of the intestinal wall in the jejunum of adult rats were evaluated in this study. Six 90-day-old Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were assigned into two groups: CG (Control Group, n = 3) and MG (Malnourished Group, n = 3). CG animals were fed a 26 percent-protein chow whereas controls were fed a 4 percent-protein chow. After 90 days, part of the jejunum was collected and subjected to routine histology. HE-staining and histochemical techniques - Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue (AB), pH 2.5/pH 1.0 - were used for the detection of glycoconjugates in 4µm -thick transverse cuts. Morphometric analysis of the HE-stained cuts revealed a decrease of the total thickness of the jejunal wall, mostly on the following layers: external muscle and mucosa - enterocyte height also decreased. Cuts stained by using histochemical techniques for the detection of glycoconjugates revealed maintenance of goblet cells reactive to PAS and AB pH 2.5, whereas the number of cells reactive to AB pH 1.0 increased. Protein malnutrition was concluded to provoke severe atrophy of the jejunal wall and an increase of sulphomucin secretion within the intestinal epithelium.


Fueron evaluados los efectos de la desnutrición proteica severa sobre la morfometría de la pared intestinal del yeyuno de ratas adultas. Para esto, se utilizaron seis ratas (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar, con 90 días de edad, distribuidas en dos grupos: GC (grupo control, n=3) y el GD (grupo desnutrido, n=3). Los animales del GC recibieron ración con un contenido proteico de 26 por ciento y los del GD ración con 4 por ciento de proteínas. Después de 90 días de experimentación, parte del yeyuno fue retirado y sometido a un procesamiento histológico de rutina. Cortes transversales de 4 µm fueron teñidos con HE y técnicas histoquímicas (Periodic Acid Schifff (PAS) y Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2,5 y pH 1,0.) para evidenciar glicoconjugados. El análisis morfométrico teñidos con HE demostró reducción en el grosor total de la pared del yeyuno, especialmente de las túnicas muscular y mucosa, además se observó una disminución en la altura de los entericitos. Los cortes teñidos con técnicas histoquímicas revelaron que el número de células caliciformes reactivas al PAS y al AB pH 2,5 se mantuvo; por otro lado, hubo un aumento en el número de células reactivas al AB pH 1,0. Se concluye que la desnutrición proteica severa provoca atrofia de la pared yeyunal y aumento de la secreción de sulfomucinas en el epitelio intestinal.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Rats , Epithelium/pathology , Mucins/analysis , Jejunum/pathology , Atrophy , Intestine, Small/pathology , Rats, Wistar
14.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 19(1): 55-61, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604636

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da infecção causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii sobre a parede do duodeno de gatos. Foram utilizados seis gatos (Felis catus), com cerca de três meses de vida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em Grupo controle (G1; n = 3) e Grupo infectado (G2; n = 3). Os animais do G2 receberam, por via oral, 200 cistos teciduais da cepa ME49 (tipo II) do T. gondii. Após 40 dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, laparotomia e retirada do duodeno, que foi fixado em solução de Bouin e submetido à rotina histológica para obtenção de cortes transversais de 3 µm. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), Azan, Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian-Blue e Tricrômio de Mallory. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa da parede intestinal e medidas comparativas entre os dois grupos, com relação: à espessura da túnica mucosa, túnica muscular, parede total, altura dos vilos, profundidade das criptas e altura dos enterócitos e seus núcleos. As células caliciformes, os linfócitos intraepiteliais e as células de Paneth foram quantificados. Os resultados mostraram que a infecção levou à atrofia da túnica mucosa, túnica muscular e parede intestinal do duodeno de gatos do G2 (p < 0,05). A altura dos enterócitos apresentou um aumento significativo (p < 0,05) nos animais do G2. Na avaliação qualitativa, as fibras colágenas ocupavam visivelmente uma maior área dos estratos da parede intestinal, o que sugere que estejam aumentadas. Observou-se a redução da secreção de sulfomucinas e o aumento das células de Paneth nesses mesmos animais (p < 0,05).


This paper analyzes the effects of the infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii on the cat duodenal wall. Six cats (Felis catus) with 3-month-old were randomly divided into Control Group (G1; n = 3) and Infected Group (G2; n = 3). The animals from G2 received orarilly 200 T. gondii tissye cysts of ME49-strain (type II). After 40 days, the animals were submitted to euthanasia, laparotomy and had their duodenum removed, fixed in Bouin solution and submitted to histological routine obtaining 3 µm transverse cuts. The cuts were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Azan, Periodic acid - Schiff (PAS), Alcian-Blue, and Mallory trichrome. Qualitative assessment of the intestine wall as well as comparative measurements with respect to the thickness of mucosa, muscle tunic, total wall, the height of the villous, the depth of the crypts, and the height of the enterocytes and their nuclei were carried out. Calciform cells, the intraepithelial lymphocytes, and the Paneth cells were quantified. The results showed that the infection led to the atrophy of the mucosa, muscle tunic, and the intestinal wall of the duodenum of G2 cats (p < 0.05). The enterocytes height presented significant (p < 0.05) increase for G2 animals. According to the qualitative analysis, the collagen fibers were visibly taken a broader area on the intestinal wall layers, what suggests they have increased in size. Decrease in the sulphomucins secretion and the increase of Paneth cells were observed for these animals (p < 0.05).


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Duodenal Diseases/veterinary , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology , Duodenal Diseases/parasitology
15.
Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. (Online) ; 19(1): 57-63, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487766

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da infecção causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii sobre a parede do duodeno de gatos. Foram utilizados seis gatos (Felis catus), com cerca de três meses de vida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em Grupo controle (G1; n = 3) e Grupo infectado (G2; n = 3). Os animais do G2 receberam, por via oral, 200 cistos teciduais da cepa ME49 (tipo II) do T. gondii. Apos 40 dias, os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia, laparotomia e retirada do duodeno, que foi fixado em solução de Bouin e submetido a rotina histológica para obtenção de cortes transversais de3 μm. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), Azan, Acido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian-Blue e Tricrômio de Mallory. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa da parede intestinal e medidas comparativas entre os dois grupos, com relação: à espessura da túnica mucosa, túnica muscular, parede total, altura dos vilos, profundidade das criptas e altura dos enterócitos e seus núcleos. As células caliciformes, os linfócitos intraepiteliais e as células de Paneth foram quantificados. Os resultados mostraram que a infecção levou a atrofia da túnica mucosa, túnica muscular e parede intestinal do duodeno de gatos do G2 (p < 0,05). A altura dos enterócitos apresentou um aumento significativo (p < 0,05) nos animais do G2. Na avaliação qualitativa, as fibras colágenas ocupavam visivelmente uma maior área dos estratos da parede intestinal, o que sugere que estejam aumentadas. Observou-se a redução da secreção de sulfomucinas e o aumento das células de Paneth nesses mesmos animais (p < 0,05).


This paper analyzes the effects of the infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii on the cat duodenal wall. Six cats (Felis catus) with 3-month-old were randomly divided into Control Group (G1; n = 3) and Infected Group (G2; n = 3). The animals from G2 received orarilly 200 T. gondii tissye cysts of ME49-strain (type II). After 40 days, the animals were submitted to euthanasia, laparotomy and had their duodenum removed, fixed in Bouin solution and submitted to histological routine obtaining 3 μm transverse cuts. The cuts were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Azan, Periodic acid – Schiff (PAS), Alcian-Blue, and Mallory trichrome. Qualitative assessment of the intestine wall as well as comparative measurements with respect to the thickness of mucosa, muscle tunic, total wall, the height of the villous, the depth of the crypts, and the height of the enterocytes and their nuclei were carried out. Calciform cells, the intraepithelial lymphocytes, and the Paneth cells were quantified. The results showed that the infection led to the atrophy of the mucosa, muscle tunic, and the intestinal wall of the duodenum of G2 cats (p < 0.05). The enterocytes height presented significant (p < 0.05) increase for G2 animals. According to the qualitative analysis, the collagen fibers were visibly taken a broader area on the intestinal wall layers, what suggests they have increased in size. Decrease in the sulphomucins secretion and the increase of Paneth cells were observed for these animals (p < 0.05).


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Duodenum/parasitology , Enterocytes/parasitology , Cats/parasitology , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis , Paneth Cells/parasitology , Collagen , Mucous Membrane/parasitology , Mucins
16.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 12(2): 101-108, jul.-dez. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558243

ABSTRACT

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose que desperta grande preocupação na saúde pública em nível mundial. No Brasil, os índices de soropositividade para Toxoplasma gondii variam entre 54% e 75% da população. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da infecção crônica, causada por uma cepa genótipo I de T. gondii, sobre o número e a morfometria de neurônios mientéricos do íleo terminal de ratos. Foram utilizados oito ratos (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar machos. O grupo experimental foi inoculado oralmente com 105 taquizoítos de uma cepa genótipo I de T. gondii. Após 30 dias de infecção, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, e por meio de laparotomia, o jejuno-íleo foi retirado, mensurado em seu comprimento e largura para cálculo de área. O íleo terminal de cada animal foi dissecado para confecção de preparados totais, os quais foram corados pela técnica de Giemsa. Não foram observadas alterações no peso corporal, comprimento ou área intestinal, apenas a largura do jejuno-íleo sofreu aumento. Não houve alteração significativa em relação à análise quantitativa dos neurônios. Na análise morfométrica, observou-se redução da área do pericário, do núcleo e do citoplasma dos neurônios mientéricos do grupo experimental. No que se refere à frequência de neurônios nas diferentes classes de intervalo da área do pericário, não houve alterações significativas. Entretanto, houve um aumento do número de neurônios cujos núcleos representavam de 21 a 30% de seu pericário e uma redução no número daqueles em que o núcleo representava 51-60% e mais que 71%.


Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis which causes a great worldwide public health concern. In Brazil, T.gondii seropositivity indexes range from 54% to 75% of the population. This study assesses the effects of chronic infection caused by a genotype I Toxoplasma gondii strain over the amount and morphometrics of myenteric neurons of rat terminal ileum. Eight male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used. The experimental group was orally inoculated with 105 tachyzoites from a genotype I strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The animals were submitted to euthanasia 30 days after the infection. Blood sampling was carried out by punctioning the retro-orbital plexus in order to detect anti-T.gondii seric antibodies. The ileum-jejunum was removed, measured with respect to its total length and width for the calculation of its area through laparotomy. The ileum from each animal was collected, dissected and stained with Giemsa. Alterations concerning body weight, length or intestinal area were not observed, however, the width of the ileum-jejunum had increased. There were no significant alterations with respect to the quantitative analysis. Reduction of the area of the perikarium, nucleus, and cytoplasm of the myenteric neurons from the experimental group were noticed through morphometric analysis. There were no significant alterations with respect to the incidence of neurons within the different interval classes of the perikarium area. However, there was an increase of the amount of neurons whose nuclei presented 21-30% of their perikarium as well as the reduction of those in which the nucleus presented 51-60%, and higher than 71%.


La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis que despierta mucha preocupación en la salud pública a nivel mundial. En Brasil, los índices de soropositividad para Toxoplasma gondii varían entre 54% y 75% de la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la infección crónica, causada por una cepa genotipo I de T. gondii, sobre el número y la morfometría de neuronas mientéricas del íleon terminal de ratas. Fueron utilizadas 8 (ocho) ratas (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar machos. El grupo experimental fue inoculado oralmente con 105 taquizoítos de una cepa genotipo I de T. gondii. Después de 30 días de infección, los animales fueron sometidos a eutanasia, y a través de la laparotomía fue retirado el yeyuno-íleon, y así su anchura y longitud fueron medidas para cálculo del área. El íleon terminal de cada animal fue disecado para confección de preparados totales, los cuales fueron corados por la técnica de Giemsa. No fueron observadas alteraciones en el peso corporal, longitud o área intestinal, apenas en la anchura del yeyuno-íleon el cual sufrió aumento. No hubo alteraciones significativas con relación al análisis cuantitativo de las neuronas. En el análisis morfométrico, se observó reducción del área del pericario, del núcleo y del citoplasma de neuronas mientéricas del grupo experimental. Con relación a la incidencia de neuronas en las diferentes clases de intervalo del área del pericario, no hubo alteraciones significativas. Sin embargo, hubo un aumento en el número de neuronas cuyos núcleos representaban de 21 a 30% de su pericario y una reducción en el número de aquellos en que el núcleo representaba 51-60% y más que 71%.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Neurons/cytology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology , Ileum/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Toxoplasma
17.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(7): 2146-2153, out. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-526775

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos da toxoplasmose sobre a morfometria da parede intestinal e a dinâmica de mucinas secretadas no íleo de frangos. Foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte machos (Gallus gallus) da linhagem Cobb, com 26 dias de idade. As aves foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos (G1, G2 e G3). O G1 não recebeu nenhum inóculo caracterizando o grupo controle, o G2 foi inoculado com cistos teciduais da cepa ME49 de Toxoplasma gondii, e o G3 foi inoculado com oocistos da cepa M7741 de T. gondii. Após 60 dias da inoculação, os animais foram mortos, e coletou-se o íleo, o qual foi submetido à rotina de processamento histológico. Cortes transversais de 4mm foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 2,5 e Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1,0. Nos animais do G2, observou-se aumento da parede intestinal, sobretudo a túnica muscular, muscular da mucosa e túnica mucosa, além de aumento na secreção de mucinas neutras. Já nos animais do G3, houve uma atrofia da parede intestinal, sobretudo para a túnica mucosa, e aumento na secreção de mucinas neutras.


The effects of toxoplasmosis on the intestinal wall morphometry and the dynamic of mucins secreted in the chicken ileum were analyzed. Sixteen 26-day-old, male, Cobb broiler chicks (Gallus gallus) were used and randomly divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). G1 received no inoculum characterizing the control group, G2 was inoculated with tissue cysts of ME49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii, and G3 was inoculated with oocytes of M7741 strain of T. gondii. After 60 days of inoculation, the animals were killed and had their ileum collected and submitted to histological processing. Tranversal cuts (4mm) were stained with Hematoxilin-Eosine (HE), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1.0. Intestinal wall increase was noticed for the animals from G2 - mostly the muscle tunic, the muscularis mucosae, and the mucous tunic, including the increase of secretion of neutral mucins. The animals from G3 presented atrophy of the intestinal wall - mostly the mucous tunic, and increase of the secretion of neutral mucins.

18.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(3): 909-912, sept. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-598956

ABSTRACT

La anatomía humana tiene como importante fuente de estudio al cuerpo humano. Ella utiliza cuerpos no reclamados, usualmente de indigentes, cuerpos entregados como un beneficio a la sociedad sin nada pedir nada a cambio, siendo dignos de pleno respeto. Sin embargo, preocupa que la muerte no es mirada socialmente como algo natural a la vida, llevando la convivencia en el laboratorio de anatomía humana a un estado de miedo, angustia y repulsión. Con eso se produce un mecanismo de negación, que puede generar deshumanización hacia la pieza anatómica. Ser confrontado con la muerte de otro, es lo mismo que confrontarse con nuestra propia muerte. En este contexto, los profesores y técnicos tienen una gran responsabilidad en discutir y reflejar la cuestión, de modo que puedan promover la idea que el cadáver es la expresión de vida y respeto, pues tal concepto será de gran importancia para la futura vida profesional de los estudiantes. Con este artículo, nuestro objetivo es reflexionar sobre la realidad de la muerte y el respeto en el laboratorio de anatomía humana.


Human anatomy has the human body as an important source of studies. It uses non-claimed, usually pauper, bodies delivered as a benefit to society without a counterpart, thus deserving full respect. However, within current society, death is not faced as something proper to life, what results in a state of fear, agony and loath within the human anatomy laboratory. Therefore, negation mechanisms which may generate dehumanization are produced. To be confronted with someone else's death is the same as to be confronted with our own death. Within this context, Professors and technicians have great responsibility on having the students aware that the cadaver is the expression of life and respect, as such concepts will be very important for the students' future professional life. With this article we aim at reflecting on the reality of death and respect inside the human anatomy laboratory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Attitude to Death , Cadaver , Death , Dehumanization , Ethics, Medical , Fear/ethics , Anatomy/education , Anatomy/history
19.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(3): 939-945, sept. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-598960

ABSTRACT

Effects of protein and B-complex vitamin deficiency were assessed with respect to the morphometry of myenteric neurons in the descending colon of adult rats. Sixteen animals were divided into two groups: Control Group (CG, n=8) and Experimental Group (EG, n=8). The CG received 22 percent protein chow and the EG received 4 percent protein chow for 120 days. The descending colon was submitted to NADH- and NADPH-diaphorase technique in order to evidence nervous cells in the whole mounts preparations. In the EG, NADH-d positive neurons presented reduced nuclei, while NADPH-d positive neurons showed atrophy of the soma area (~41.7 percent) inducing an increase of the proportion occupied by the nucleus inside in the soma of these cells.


Esta investigación buscó evaluar los efectos de la desnutrición proteica y vitamínica delcomplexo B sobre aspectos morfométricos del plexo mientérico del colon descendente de ratones adultos. Dieciséis animales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: control que recibieron ración comercial con 22 por ciento de proteína y experimental alimentados con ración de tenor proteico reducido para 8 por ciento, durante 120 días. Neuronas del plexo mientérico presentes en preparados totales fueron evidenciados a través de la técnica histoquímica de la NADH-diaforasa y de la NADPH-diaforasa. En el grupo experimental, las neuronas NADH-d positivos sufrieron reducción del núcleo celular, ya las neuronas NADPH-d sufrieron atrofia de 41,7 por ciento de la superficie de su pericarion, lo que hizo con que el núcleo celular pasase a ocupar una mayor proporción de la región trófica de las neuronas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Colon/anatomy & histology , Colon/innervation , Nitrergic Neurons , Nitrergic Neurons/ultrastructure , Neuronal Plasticity , Atrophy/chemically induced , Atrophy/pathology , Atrophy/veterinary , Myenteric Plexus/anatomy & histology , Myenteric Plexus/ultrastructure , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology
20.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 13(2): 139-145, maio-ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-577637

ABSTRACT

A deficiência nutricional pode causar nas células a perda de sua capacidade de absorção, de gerar energia, bem como de mediar o transporte de pequenas moléculas e de sintetizar macromoléculas. Objetivou-se quantificar os neurônios mioentéricos da curvatura gástrica menor do estômago glandular de ratos controle e de ratos submetidos a carência protéica. Foram utilizados 10 ratos machos, com 90 dias de idade, divididos em grupos controle (GC) e experimental (GE). O GC recebeu, durante 120 dias, ração com 22% de proteina e água, enquanto GE recebeu ração com teor proteico de 4% e água. Após os experimentos os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, laparotomia vertical e retirada do estômago. Realizou-se a microdissecação sob estereomicroscópico dos segmentos, com a retirada da túnica mucosa e da tela submucosa. Foi utilizada a técnica de coloração de Giemsa para evidenciar os neurônios mientéricos. Os neurônios foram contados com auxílio de um microscópio de luz com aumento de 400 x, com 40 campos de cada animal. Os cálculos estatísticos foram realizados por meio do teste ?t? de Student, na forma média ± erro padrão da média, com nível de significância de 5%. No grupo controle foram encontrados 23,51±2,7 neurônios e no grupo experimental 21,38±1,7. Verificou-se que as diferenças não são estatisticamente significantes. Podemos verificar que a dieta imposta ocasionou um quadro de desnutrição que não provocou alterações quantitativas nos neurônios mioentéricos da curvatura gástrica menor do estômago glandular.


Nutritional deficiency creates conditions in which the cells lose their capability of absorption and energy generation, as well as their capability to mediate the transport of small molecules and digest macromolecules. The objective of this study was to quantify the myenteric neurons of the smaller gastric curvature of the glandular stomach of control rats and rats submitted to protein deficiency. Ten 90-day-old male rat were divided into control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The CG received ration with 22% of protein and water during 120 days, while the EG received ration with the protein percentage at 4% and water. After the experiment, the animals were submitted to euthanasia, vertical laparotomy and each animal had its stomach removed. Micro-dissection was performed under stereomicroscopic of the segments with the removal of the mucosa and the tela submucosa. The Giemsa staining technique was used to evidence the myenteric neurons. The neurons were counted, with the aid of a 400X optical microscope ? 40 s from each animal. The statistical calculations were performed through the T-test, mean ± standard deviation, with a 5% significance level. In the GC, 23.51 ± 2.7 neurons were found, and 21.38 ± 1.7 in the EG. Differences were not verified to be statistically significant. We can verify that the imposed diet resulted in malnutrition which did not induce quantitative changes in the myenteric neurons of the smaller gastric curvature of the glandular stomach.


Subject(s)
Male , Rats , Deficiency Diseases , Malnutrition , Myenteric Plexus , Neurons
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