Programa de transición: evaluación de un modelo a 4 años de su implementación / Transition program: evaluation of a model 4 years after its implementation

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación de los programas de transición (PT) es un paso fundamental para determinar su importancia como estrategia de seguimiento y apoyo a los adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) que transitan de una atención pediátrica a una adulta. OBJETIVO: evaluar un modelo de PT para adolescentes con DM1 a 4 años de su implementación. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: este estudio se realizó en 65 adolescentes que ingresaron al PT. Se evaluó el cumplimiento de los indicadores de adherencia del PT (preparación, continuidad, regularidad, exclusividad en la atención médica y seguimiento psicológico), la participación de los adolescentes en el PT (cumplir con los 5 indicadores) y el control metabólico asociado a esa participación. El análisis estadístico se realizó con Prueba de Chi Cuadrado para las variables grados de participación y control metabólico; y Prueba T de Student para muestras pareadas para evaluar la variación de HbA1c al finalizar el primer año en atención como adulto. RESULTADOS: los indicadores de adherencia del PT se cumplen sobre el 65% en la población estudiada. Se encontró que el 38,5% de los adolescentes logran participación completa en el PT (cumplir 5 indicadores), 43,1% participación parcial (cumplir 3 o 4 indicadores) y 18,4% participación insuficiente en el PT (cumplir con 0, 1 ó 2 indicadores). Se observó una mayor frecuencia de mantenimiento o mejoría del control metabólico en los adolescentes con participación completa en el PT en comparación con los de participación parcial e insuficiente (76% v/s 59,2% y 22,2% respectivamente). Se observó un cambio significativo (p < 0,05) de la HbA1c en adolescentes con participación completa y participación parcial. CONCLUSIÓN: en los adolescentes con DM1, se debe incentivar la participación en el PT para fortalecer las conductas de adherencia al tratamiento diabético incluyendo el control metabólico.

INTRODUCTION: the evaluation of the transition programs (TP) is a fundamental step to determine its importance as a follow-up and support strategy for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who move from a pediatric to adult care. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate a TP model for adolescents with T1D 4 years after its implementation. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: this study was carried out in 65 adolescents who entered the TP. Compliance with the TP adherence indicators was evaluated (preparation, continuity, regularity, exclusivity in medical care and psychological follow-up), the participation of adolescents in the TP (compliance with the 5 indicators) and the metabolic control associated with that participation. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test for the variable degrees of participation and metabolic control; and paired Student's T test for the change of HbA1c at the end of the first year in adult. RESULTS: TP adherence indicators are met over 65% in the population studied. When evaluating participation in the TP, it was found that 38.5% of adolescents achieved full participation in the TP (meet 5 indicators), 43.1% partial participation (meet 3 or 4 indicators) and 18.4% insufficient participation in the TP (comply with 0, 1 or 2 indicators). A higher frequency of maintenance or improvement of metabolic control was observed in adolescents with full participation in the TP compared to those with partial and insufficient participation (76% v/s 59.2% and 22.2% respectively). The statistical difference (p < 0.05) was obtained in the change of HbA1c of adolescents with full participation and partial participation. CONCLUSION: in adolescents with T1D, participation in TP should be encouraged to strengthen adherence to diabetic treatment including metabolic control.

Disforia de género: la evaluación psicológica para un cambio de sexo de hombre a mujer / Gender dysphoria: the psychological evaluation for a change of sex from male to female

La disforia de género es una condición psicológica que requiere una evaluación específica para definir el cambio de sexo. Se describe el caso de un adulto de sexo biológico masculino de 50 años de edad que se atiende en una Unidad de Atención de personas viviendo con VIH-SIDA quien es derivado para una evaluación psicológica por fiscalía. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y la aplicación de las siguientes pruebas psicológicas: test de Rorschach, test de los colores de Max Lüscher y el Cuestionario Desiderativo. Se concluyó una prueba de realidad conservada, presencia de estabilidad emocional y una identificación profunda con el sexo femenino, elementos claves para proceder al cambio de sexo.

Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition that requires a specific evaluation to define the sex change. We describe the case of a 50-year old adult male biological sex that is treated in a Unit of Care for people living with HIV-AIDS who is referred for a psychological evaluation by a public prosecutor's office. In depth interviews and the application of the following psychological tests were carried out: Rorschach test, Max Lüscher color test and the Desiderative Questionnaire. A conserved reality test, presence of emotional stability and a deep psychological identification with the female sex, key elements to proceed to the sex change, was concluded.

Programa de transición: una intervención para adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1: estudio de casos y controles / Transition program: an intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: cases and controls study

Introduction: The transition programs (TP) are planned interventions with specific aims which support type 1 diabetes adolescents in their process to emigrate from a pediatric care system to an adult care system. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a TP in type 1 diabetes adolescents. Subjects and Method: This study was performed in 20 adolescents: 10 in TP and 10 controls (no TP) attended in an adult care system in a traditional way. The applied program included: coordination of attention dates, administrative supervision of the cases, and integral health team attention: physician every three months, psychologist with psychosocial follow-up every three months, nutricionist and university nurse according to the case necessities. After a year of the TP implementation the indicators of adherence were evaluated: continuity of care, regular medical appointments, physician/adolescent relationship, psychosocial follow-up, and to maintain or improve the HbA1c. The statistical analysis of variables comparison was performed with Kwallis Test o Mann-Whitney Test, in STATA 12.0 program. Results: At comparing groups, it was found that the intervened adolescents presented a major frequency of: continuity of diabetes care, regular medical appointments, physician/adolescent relationship and psychosocial follow-up (p < 0,01); the indicator of maintaining or improving the HbA1c was better in the patients with TP (60 percent vs 30 percent) yet not significant. Conclusion: In type 1 diabetes adolescents, with the applied TP we get better indicators of adherence to the diabetes treatment

Experiencia con insulina degludec en pacientes diabéticos Tipo 1 del Hospital San Juan de Dios Santiago / Experience with degludec insulin in Type 1 diabetic patients at the San Juan de Dios Hospital

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of degludec insulin in Type 1 diabetic patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In a prospective study, 230 type 1 diabetics patients, average aged 34 years age and 14 years of diagnosis of diabetes and treated with two doses of insulin glargine U-100, were changed to degludec. Patients had glycosylated hemoglobins (HbA1c) greater than 10 percent. Results were recorded at 3 and 6 months with parameters clinical, biochemical, insulin requirements per kilogram of weight (U/kg/wt) and hypoglycemia. Capillary glycemia was evaluated three times a day and the dose of insulin degludec every two weeks. The statistical analysis used was average and rank, standard deviation, normal Swilk test, categorical Chi2 and continuous ANOVA or Kwallis, and p < 0.05. A psychological survey was conducted to evaluate satisfaction with the new treatment. RESULTS: Fasting blood glucose decreased from 253 (range 243-270) at 180 mg/dl (172-240) at 3 months and at 156 (137-180) at 6 months after the change insulin (p < 0.05). HbA1c, initially 10.6 percent (10.4-12.2) decreased to 8.7 percent (9.3-10.1) and 8.3 percent (8.7-9.7) at 3 and 6 months, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in basal insulin requirements from 0.7 to 0.4 U/kg/60 percent reduction in hypoglycaemia; both mild and moderate and severe. Isolated nocturnal hypoglycaemias were recorded in only 4 patients in this group. CONCLUSION: Six months of treatment with degludec insulin reduces fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and hypoglycemia, both mild and moderate severe and nocturnal, which makes this new ultra-long acting basal insulin a safe and effective tool for the management of type 1 diabetics patients

Transición en diabetes tipo 1: evaluación y tratamiento psicosocial. Caso clínico / Transition in type 1 diabetes: psychosocial evaluation and treatment. case report

Healthcare transition from a pediatric clinic to an adult clinic can represent a challenge for the health teams who work with chronic pathologies. This case describes a 15,3 years old adolescent with type 1 diabetes, attended by a pediatrician since the beginning of his diagnosis at 8 years old. The psychological evaluation was performed with tests: the person in the rain, the Lüscher colors and the Millon personality inventory before and after one year of psychosocial treatment. It was achieved improvement in his psychosocial functioning (empathy, self-affirmation, emotional regulation, relationships) and his metabolic control, enabling recommend his transfer to adult diabetologist.