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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(1): 63-69, Jan. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419141

ABSTRACT

Cardiopulmonary bypass is frequently associated with excessive blood loss. Platelet dysfunction is the main cause of non-surgical bleeding after open-heart surgery. We randomized 65 patients in a double-blind fashion to receive tranexamic acid or placebo in order to determine whether antifibrinolytic therapy reduces chest tube drainage. The tranexamic acid group received an intravenous loading dose of 10 mg/kg, before the skin incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg kg-1 h-1 for 5 h. The placebo group received a bolus of normal saline solution and continuous infusion of normal saline for 5 h. Postoperative bleeding and fibrinolytic activity were assessed. Hematologic data, convulsive seizures, allogeneic transfusion, occurrence of myocardial infarction, mortality, allergic reactions, postoperative renal insufficiency, and reopening rate were also evaluated. The placebo group had a greater postoperative blood loss (median (25th to 75th percentile) 12 h after surgery (540 (350-750) vs 300 (250-455) mL, P = 0.001). The placebo group also had greater blood loss 24 h after surgery (800 (520-1050) vs 500 (415-725) mL, P = 0.008). There was a significant increase in plasma D-dimer levels after coronary artery bypass grafting only in patients of the placebo group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the group treated with tranexamic acid. The D-dimer levels were 1057 (1025-1100) æg/L in the placebo group and 520 (435-837) æg/L in the tranexamic acid group (P = 0.01). We conclude that tranexamic acid effectively reduces postoperative bleeding and fibrinolysis in patients undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass grafting compared to placebo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Fibrinolysis/drug effects , Postoperative Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods , Coronary Artery Bypass/methods , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 34(5): 305-11, set.-out. 1984. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-32671

ABSTRACT

O equilíbrio entre a oferta e o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio é essencial para uma adequada anestesia foi mantida no paciente coronariopata O halotano tem sido utilizado como anestésico para pacientes com cardiopatia isquêmica por diminuir o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio. Este trabalho tem como finalidade avaliar a técnica anestésica utilizada em 100 pacientes estudados retrospectivamente e 20 prospectivamente, submetidos à cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. A induçäo foi realizada com tiopental sódico (4- 6 mg. kg-1), brometo de pancurônio (0,1 mg. kg-1) e fentanil (3 microng. kh-1). A anestesia foi mantida com halotano na concentraçäo de 0,5 - 1,5% e fentanil completando a dose de 10 -15 microng. kg-1. Em 29 pacientes utilizou-se a clorpromazina (0,2 mg. kg-1) com a finalidade de reduzir a pós-carga. Foram pesquisadas alteraçöes que pudessem modificar o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio, tais como hipertensäo, hipotensäo, bradicardia disritmias e alteraçöes eletrocardiográficas tentando-se correlacionar estas alteraçöes com seus fatores causais. No estudo retrospectivo ocorreu hipertensäo em 21%, taquicardia em 24%, hipotensäo em 4% bradicardia em 5% e disritmias em 5% dos pacientes. No entanto prospectivo tivemos hipertensäo em 15%, taquicardia em 5%, bradicardia em 15% e disritmias em 20% dos pacientes. A técnica anestésica utilizada mostrou-se eficaz, exceto em alguns casos onde a analgesia foi insuficiente


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Coronary Disease/surgery , Myocardial Revascularization , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Halothane/administration & dosage , Morphine/administration & dosage , Oxygen Consumption
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