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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(1): 85-91, Jan. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842522

ABSTRACT

Summary Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence around the world. Considering the components used to classify MetS, it is clear that it is closely related to obesity. These two conditions begin with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue, which is metabolically more active, containing a greater amount of resident macrophages compared to other fat deposits. Abdominal adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving MetS components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. One way to block the effects of oxidative stress would be through the antioxidant defense system, which offsets the excess free radicals. It is known that individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity have high consumption of fats and sugars originated from processed foods containing high levels of sodium as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables, thus maintaining a state of oxidative stress, that can speed up the onset of MetS. Healthy eating habits could prevent or delay MetS by adding antioxidant-rich foods into the diet.


Resumo A síndrome metabólica apresenta elevada prevalência na população mundial. De acordo com os componentes que a classificam, nota-se que está intimamente relacionada com a obesidade. Essas duas condições se iniciam com o aumento do tecido adiposo abdominal, o qual é metabolicamente mais ativo, contendo uma quantidade maior de macrófagos residentes em comparação com outros depósitos de gordura. Essa situação favorece a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo, ambos precursores de diversas complicações, mas principalmente as envolvidas na síndrome metabólica, como resistência à insulina, hipertensão arterial e hiperlipidemia. Uma maneira de bloquear os efeitos do estresse oxidativo seria pelo sistema de defesa antioxidante, o qual anula os radicais livres em excesso. É sabido que indivíduos portadores de síndrome metabólica e obesos apresentam um alto consumo de gorduras, açúcares oriundos de alimentos industrializados com alto teor de sódio e uma baixa ingestão de frutas e verduras, apresentando uma condição de estresse oxidativo contínuo. A manutenção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, com a inclusão de alimentos ricos em antioxidantes, poderia prevenir ou retardar o surgimento da SM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Biomarkers/metabolism
2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 38(1): 9-14, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-777495

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença em que a inflamação está inteiramente envolvida e pode causar insuficiência renal. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da exposição a curto prazo de uma dieta de cafeteria sobre a inflamação no tecido renal e a formação de produtos de glicação avançada (AGEs) no plasma de rato. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (10 semanas de idade, pesando 350 g) foram designados para receber dieta de ração comercial (C; n = 8 animais/grupo, 5% de energia a partir de gordura) ou dieta de cafeteria (CAF-D, n = 8 animais/grupo: 29% de energia de gordura) e de sacarose em água (300 g/L) de beber durante 6 semanas. Resultados: Índice de adiposidade em seis semanas foi maior no grupo CAF-D em comparação com C. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, triglicerídeos, leptina, insulina e AGEs. A expressão do gene de IL-6 e TNF-α em tecido renal foi maior no grupo D-CAF e nenhuma diferença significativa no tecido adiposo. Não houve aumento destas citocinas no plasma ou rim. Houve uma diminuição significativa de adiponectina no grupo CAF-D. Conclusão: A exposição a curto prazo da CAF-D reflete alterações no metabolismo, aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de AGEs, o que pode refletir o aumento expressão de citocinas inflamatórias no rim.


Abstract Introduction: Obesity is a disease in which inflammation is directly involved and can lead to impaired renal function. Objective: To evaluate the influence of short term exposure to cafeteria diet on kidney tissue inflammation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the rat plasma. Methods: Male Wistar rats (10 weeks of age, weighing 350 g) were assigned to receive commercial chow diet (C; n = 8 animals/group, 5% of energy from fat) or cafeteria diet (CAF-D, n = 8 animals/group: 29% energy fat) and sucrose in drinking water (300 g/L) for 6 weeks. Results: adiposity index at six weeks was higher in CAF-D group compared to C. The same behavior was observed for plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, leptin, insulin and AGEs. The gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in renal tissue was higher in CAF-D group and no significant difference in adipose tissue. There was no increase of these cytokines in plasma and kidney or histologically. There was a significant decrease of adiponectin in the CAF-D group. Conclusion: The short exposure CAF-D reflects changes in metabolism, increased plasma levels of AGEs, which may reflect the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the kidney.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood , Diet/adverse effects , Kidney/physiopathology , Cytokines/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Adiposity , Inflammation/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism
3.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2014 Oct; 51(5): 365-371
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154265

ABSTRACT

Caloric restriction, defined as a reduction in calorie intake below ad libitum, without malnutrition can have beneficial effects. In this study, we evaluated the impact of caloric restriction of 30 and 60% on calorimetric parameters and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8): G1 = control; G2 = rats exposed to dietary restriction of 30%; and G3 = rats exposed to dietary restriction of 60%. Energy restriction decreased final body weight, oxidation of carbohydrates and lipid, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), resting metabolic rate (RMR), but elevated respiratory quotient (RQ). G3 animals also displayed an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system, as revealed by the decrease in the lipid hydroperoxide (LH) level and GSH-Px activity in heart tissue. In conclusion, dietary restriction decreased oxidative metabolism, as seen by the colorimetric profiles and controlled oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.


Subject(s)
Animals , Body Weight/physiology , Caloric Restriction/methods , Calorimetry, Indirect , Energy Intake/physiology , Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Male , Myocardium/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Rats , Rats, Wistar
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