ABSTRACT
Resumo Nosso objetivo foi analisar a associação entre a duração do trabalho remoto e o diagnóstico positivo da COVID-19 entre pessoas ocupadas no Brasil. Foram utilizados dados da PNAD COVID19 (2020). As variáveis sobre a situação do trabalho descritas foram: afastamento do trabalho em função do distanciamento físico, segmento de trabalho (setor de trabalho e formalidade: privado formal/informal, militar, servidor público estatutário, setor público CLT/informal, empregador, conta-própria/trabalhador não remunerado) e duração do trabalho remoto (sem trabalho remoto, 1-2 meses, 3-4 meses, 5-7 meses). Associação entre duração do trabalho remoto (exposição) e diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 (desfecho) foi estimada por regressão de Cox, com ajuste para variáveis sociodemográficas e segmento de trabalho. O diagnóstico positivo da COVID-19 aumentou de 2,1% para 4,8% entre julho e novembro, e a frequência de trabalho remoto reduziu de 11,6% para 9,5% entre maio e novembro. O risco de diagnóstico positivo da COVID-19 foi menor para pessoas que trabalharam remotamente por 3-4 meses (RR=0,79; IC95%=0,67;0,92) e 5 meses (RR=0,57; IC95%=0,48;0,67) comparadas àquelas que não trabalharam remotamente. Houve discreta redução do percentual de trabalhadores em trabalho remoto e sua maior extensão reduziu o risco de diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19.
Abstract The scope of this work was to assess the association between the duration of remote work and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 among individuals employed in Brazil. Data from the PNAD COVID19 (2020) survey were consulted. The variables in the work situation described included: absence from work due to physical distancing, work segment (work sector and formality: formal or informal private, military, statutory civil servant, CLT public sector, informal public sector, employer, self-employed/unpaid worker) and duration of remote work (no remote work for 1-2 months, 3-4 months, 5-7 months, respectively). The association between duration of remote work (exposure) and positive diagnosis for COVID-19 (outcome) was estimated by Cox regression, with adjustment for sociodemographic variables and work segment. The positive diagnosis of COVID-19 increased from 2.1% to 4.8% between July and November, and the frequency of remote work decreased from 11.6% to 9.5% between May and November. The risk of a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 was lower for people working remotely for 3-4 months, (HR=0.79; CI95%=0.67;0.92) and 5-7 months (HR=0.57; CI95%=0.48;0.67) compared to those who did not work remotely. There was a slight decrease in the percentage of remote work employees, and a longer duration reduced the risk of a positive diagnosis for COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To describe the trend of participation in group and individual support by human milk banks (HMBs) provided between 2010 and 2019 in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study with data from participation in group and individual support provided by the HMBs between 2010 and 2019, available in the production report of the Brazilian Network of Human Milk Banks. The number of participation in group and individual support was expressed for Brazil and for Brazilian macroregions in absolute numbers. Trend analysis was performed from the analysis of index numbers, considering the year 2010 as a reference. It was calculated the ratio of the number of participation in group and individual support by HMBs for each macroregion and year. Results: There was an increase of 42% in participation in group support (300,595 in 2010 vs 425,570 in 2019) and an increase of 69% in individual support (1,157,038 in 2010 vs 1,962,162 in 2019). The North and Northeast macroregions had the highest growth rates in the provision of these services (122 and 131%, respectively), above the national growth rate in the study period. In contrast, the Midwest region showed a downward trend throughout this period, for both types of support. However, in the Midwest, there was a higher ratio of participation in groups by HMBs between 2010 and 2016 and for individual support by HMBs between 2010 and 2012. Conclusion: Individual and group support provided by the HMB as a strategy to support breastfeeding increased considerably in Brazil during the study period, especially in the North and Northeast regions.