ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Normal cells are also affected during antineoplastic treatment, including oral mucosa cells, which potentially causes oral complications. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the main oral complications and the oral hygiene index in children and adolescents aged 5 to 12 years, who received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. METHODS: It is an observational prevalence study performed in a hospital in Southern Brazil. Data were collected from 21 hospitalized patients with a self-application questionnaire for the responsible persons of children and with an intraoral clinical examination. The indicators used were DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) for dental caries, SOHI (simplified oral hygiene index) for oral hygiene, and the presence of mucositis, xerostomia, and candidiasis. RESULTS: Most of the sample was male (57.1%) with average age of 8 years (sd 2.92), diagnosed with leukemia (47.6%). All patients received chemotherapy as treatment of choice and 38.1% received radiotherapy as part of the treatment. The results showed the presence of 61.9% of mucositis in patients and 28.6% of xerostomia. No patient presented candidiasis during clinical examination. As for dental caries, 66.7% of patients showed a DMFT from 4 to 16, which is considered high, and 38.1% of patients showed the presence of bacterial plaque and dental calculus. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the main oral complications in children during antineoplastic treatment were mucositis and xerostomia. It was observed a high rate of dental caries as a consequence of an inadequated oral hygiene.
INTRODUÇÃO: Durante o tratamento antineoplásico, células normais também são afetadas, incluindo assim, as células da mucosa oral, o que potencialmente causa complicações orais. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência das principais complicações bucais e índice de higiene oral em crianças e adolescentes submetidas à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. MÉTODO: O delineamento é do tipo observacional de prevalência realizado em um Hospital do Sul do Brasil. Foram coletados dados de 21 pacientes de 5 a 12 anos de idade em tratamento, a partir de um questionário auto aplicativo para os responsáveis pelos pacientes e um exame clínico intraoral. Os indicadores utilizados foram o índice CPOD (dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) para cárie dentária, o índice IHOS (higiene oral simplificada) para Higiene Oral e a presença de mucosite, xerostomia e candidíase. RESULTADOS: A maior parte da amostra era do sexo masculino (57,1%) média de 8 anos de idade (dp 2,92), diagnosticados com leucemia (47,6%). Todos os participantes receberam quimioterapia como tratamento de escolha e 38,1% receberam radioterapia como parte do tratamento. Os resultados evidenciariam presença de mucosite em 61,9% e xerostomia em 28,6% dos pacientes. Nenhum paciente apresentou candidíase durante o exame clínico. Quanto a cárie dentária, 66,7% tem um CPOD de 4 e 16, considerado alto e 38,1% dos pacientes apresentaram presença de placa bacteriana e cálculo dentário. CONCLUSÃO: As principais complicações bucais evidenciadas durante o tratamento antineoplásico foram mucosite e xerostomia. Foi observado também um alto índice de cárie dentária, consequência de uma inadequada higiene oral.
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the perception of caregivers on oral health of institutionalized impaired elderly, and the care provided for them in oral hygiene and prosthetic rehabilitation. A descriptive observational study was developed with caregivers of 32 institutionalized impaired elderly, in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Data collection was performed by interviewing the caregivers, researching records of the Institution, and by clinical examination of the oral cavity of the elderly during a period between the months of March and May, 2013. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics of absolute frequency (n) and relative frequency (%). All of the elderly presented partial (50 %) or total (50 %) tooth losses, and only 28.1 % wore removable denture. The prosthetic devices and remaining teeth of the elderly were cleaned with only toothbrush and toothpaste (100 %), with different daily frequencies among caregivers and no dentist instruction. The majority of caregivers was satisfied with the oral hygiene of the elderly (75 %) and the oral hygiene method (96.9 %) used, and showed no interest in learning new methods (81.3 %). The caregivers have an inadequate perception on oral health of the elderly population investigated, and oral hygiene care provided to the elderly is precarious.
Este estudio analizó la percepción de cuidadores sobre la salud oral de ancianos discapacitados asilados y los cuidados entregados en la higienización oral y frente a la rehabilitación protética. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, por medio de entrevistas con los respectivos cuidadores de los 32 ancianos seleccionados, institucionalizados en el Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Todos los ancianos presentaban pérdidas dentales parciales (un 50 %) o totales (un 50 %) y solo el 28,1 % hacía uso de prótesis dentaria removible. Los aparatos protéticos y dientes remanecientes de los ancianos se higienizaban solo con cepillo y crema dental (un 100 %), con frecuencias diarias divergentes entre los cuidadores, sin la orientación de un dentista. La mayoría de los cuidadores se mostró satisfechos con la salud oral del anciano (un 75 %) y (un 96,9 %) con el método de higiene oral que utilizaban, y no expresaron interés en conocer nuevos métodos (un 81,3 %). Se concluyó que los cuidadores tienen una percepción inadecuada sobre la salud oral de la población de ancianos investigada y que los cuidados de higiene oral entregados a los ancianos son precarios.