ABSTRACT
The present study aimed at evaluating the composition, diversity and short-term temporal fluctuations of zooplankton communities in fish ponds. The study was carried out in two fish ponds, with 180 m² of water surface (6 × 30 m) each, located in the Aquiculture Centre of the Pindamonhangaba Fisheries Institute - São Paulo. The study was developed over eight weeks, from February 16 to April 6, 1998. The physical and chemical conditions of the water in the fish ponds were adequate for zooplankton development. The zooplanktonic community was characterised by high richness of species and a greater diversity was observed in the first fish pond, with a superior density of Rotifera. Temporal changes in zooplankton composition occurred in both ponds with Cladocera appearing in abundance later, in the fourth week, whereas copepods and rotifers were well represented since the beginning. Many species found are typical of fish ponds and are considered to constitute an excellent food source, showing high nutritional value for fish larvae, a good example being individuals from the Rotifera group and the micro-crustacean species Moina minuta and Thermocyclops decipiens.
O presente estudo visou avaliar a composição, a diversidade e a flutuação do zooplâncton em dois viveiros escavados na terra com 180 m² de espelho d'água (6 × 30 m) cada um, no Núcleo de Aquicultura do Instituto de Pesca de Pindamonhangaba-SP. O estudo foi realizado durante oito semanas, no período de 16 de fevereiro a 6 de abril de 1998. As condições observadas, em relação às características físicas e químicas da água dos viveiros, foram adequadas ao desenvolvimento dos organismos zooplanctônicos. A comunidade zooplanctônica foi caracterizada por elevada riqueza de espécies, com maiores densidades de organismos pertencentes ao grupo Rotifera. Mudanças temporais na composição do zooplâncton ocorreram em ambos os tanques, com Cladocera aparecendo em maior abundância mais tarde, na quarta semana, enquanto que copepodos e rotíferos foram bem representados desde o início. Muitas espécies encontradas são típicas de viveiros de piscicultura e constituem excelente fonte alimentar, apresentando alto valor nutritivo para larvas de peixes, como por exemplo os indivíduos do grupo Rotifera e as espécies Moina minuta e Thermocyclops decipiens.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Cladocera/classification , Copepoda/classification , Fisheries , Rotifera/classification , Brazil , Cladocera/physiology , Copepoda/physiology , Fresh Water , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Rotifera/physiology , Seasons , TilapiaSubject(s)
Animals , Cladocera/anatomy & histology , Cladocera/classification , Fresh Water , BrazilABSTRACT
The present paper aims to describe the spatial distribution of zooplankton copepods, their biomass and instantaneous secondary production, in Barra Bonita, a large eutrophic, polymitic reservoir (22° 29' S and 48° 34' W) on the Tietê River, of the Paraná basin. Sampling was carried out during two seasons: dry winter and rainy summer. Species composition, age structure and numerical density of each copepod species population were analyzed at 25 sampling stations. Secondary production was calculated for Copepoda, the dominant group in zooplankton communities, taking Calanoida and Cyclopoida separately. Copepoda represented the largest portion of the total zooplankton biomass, the dominant species being Notodiaptomus iheringi among the Calanoida and Mesocyclops ogunnus and Thermocyclops decipiens among the Cyclopoida. The production of Copepoda was higher during the rainy summer (23.61 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in January 1995) than during the dry winter season (14 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in August 1995), following the general pattern of abundance for the whole zooplankton community. Among the copepods, Cyclopoida production was higher than that of Calanoida, a pattern commonly observed for tropical lakes and reservoirs. Barra Bonita copepods are very productive, but there was a great degree of spatial heterogeneity, related to the physical and chemical conditions, particularly the level of nutrients and also to phytoplankton biomass.
O presente estudo visou avaliar a distribuição espacial e quantificar a biomassa e a produção secundária de copépodos em Barra Bonita, um reservatório eutrófico e polimítico (22° 29' S e 48° 34' W) no rio Tietê, bacia do rio Paraná. As amostragens foram realizadas em duas estações do ano: inverno seco e verão chuvoso. A composição de espécies, a estrutura etária e a densidade numérica de cada população foram analisadas em 25 estações de amostragem. A produção secundária foi calculada para Copepoda, o grupo dominante na comunidade zooplanctônica, considerando Calanoida e Cyclopoida separadamente. Copepoda representou a maior porção da biomassa do zooplâncton total, sendo Notodiaptomus iheringi a espécie dominante entre os Calanoida e Mesocyclops ogunnus e Thermocyclops decipiens entre os Cyclopoida. A produção de Copepoda foi maior no verão chuvoso (23,61 mgPSm-3.d-1 em janeiro de 1995), comparada àquela registrada no período de inverno e seca (14 mgPSm-3.d-1 em agosto de 1995), seguindo o padrão geral da abundância de toda a comunidade zooplanctônica. Entre os copépodos, a produção de Cyclopoida foi mais alta que a de Calanoida, um padrão normalmente observado para lagos e reservatórios tropicais. Os Copépodos do reservatório de Barra Bonita foram muito produtivos, mas houve uma grande heterogeneidade espacial, relacionada a condições físicas e químicas, particularmente nutrientes e a biomassa fitoplanctônica na porção superior do reservatório.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biomass , Copepoda/physiology , Zooplankton , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics , SeasonsABSTRACT
The diversity of species of Cladocera, Chydoridae in the water bodies belonging to the water management unity of Serra da Mantiqueira, was studied inside the BIOTA/FAPESP Program. A total of 21 water bodies were analyzed and the sampling was carried out between 9th and 11th September, 1999. Horizontal and vertical net hauls were taken at littoral and limnetic region in each lake. Most water bodies in Serra da Mantiqueira unity are small, shallow, and densely colonized by macrophytes. Most species of Cladocera found belong to the Chydoridae family, being typical inhabitants of the littoral zone, living associated with macrophytes. A total of 12 species were found, 9 of the subfamily Aloninae and 3 Chydorinae. In more than half of the water bodies the relative abundance of chydorids reached 100 percent, and they were dominant in most of the others, with few exceptions. Alona rustica was the most frequent species, occurring in 62 percent of the water bodies. The results evidenced the importance of the littoral zone as propitious habitats for the species of Chydoridae and contributing significantly to the diversity of Cladocera as a whole