ABSTRACT
Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) are a major problem associated with blood transfusion. Accurate estimates of risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply and evaluating the efficacy of currently employed screening procedures. Aims: To determine the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in greater Gwalior region and its surrounding areas i.e. central India and its comparison with other relevant studies. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India from January 2009 to December 2013 (5 year study). Methodology: Total 67,123 blood units collected from blood donors were tested for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) i.e. HIV I & II, HBV, HCV,VDRL and Malaria parasite at Blood Bank as per guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for Asia Pacific region and Food and Drug Administration, Government of India. Results: Out of 67,123 blood units studied, voluntary units were 61309(91.3%) and replacement units were 5823 (8.7%). In the present study total TTIs positive units were 2747 (4.09%) (p=0.000005). Amongst them HBV were 2360 (3.51%) (p=0.000005), HIV positive units were 91(0.13%), HCV were 161 (0.24%), VDRL were 114 (0.17%) and Malaria 21 (0.03%). Conclusion: Our study concluded that amongst all the TTIs in the blood donors in Gwalior and its surrounding area, seroprevalence of HBV was significantly higher than other infections. It is also higher than similar studies conducted in other parts of India.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Rhesus (Rh) antigen was discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Wiener. In later years, because of its immunogenecity along with ABO grouping, RhD antigen testing was made mandatory before issuing a compatible blood. Presently there are five major antigens i.e. D, C, E, c and e in Rh blood group system. Aims: To know the distribution of major Rh antigens, its phenotype and most probable genotype in the population of Gwalior region i.e. Central India. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India from 1st October 2008 to 30th September 2010. Methodology: The distribution of Rh antigens, its phenotype and most probable genotype was studied in 1000 samples collected from blood donors, blood recipients and other patients. Samples were tested for ABO blood group and five major antigens of Rh system by tube agglutination method /or by gel technology. Results: Out of 1000 samples studied, the incidence of RhD was 91.6% and only 8.4% samples were negative for D antigen (p=.000005). The Incidence of other Rh antigens i.e. C, E, c and e was 84%, 25.6%, 58.3% & 78.5% respectively (p=.000005) Most common phenotype in RhD positive samples were DCCee (41%) and in RhD negative it was dccee (5.6%) (p= .000005). Eleven samples (1.1%) were negative for antithetical antigens E & e. Most probable genotype in order of frequency was DCe/DCe (R1R1)-41%, DCe/Dce (R1R0)-25.5% & dce/dce (rr)-5.6% (p= .000005). Conclusion: Like previous studies, our study also concluded that there is a wide range of racial and geographical variation in the distribution of Rh phenotype and genotype. The Rh blood group system has vital role in population genetic study, in resolving medico legal issues and more importantly in transfusion practice.