ABSTRACT
Breast cancer accounts for about one-third of female cancers and nearly about one-fourth of all malignancies. Breast carcinoma, in India, is the second most common malignancy after carcinoma cervix. Well timed and precise detection of a lump in the breast and prompt intervention can reduce not only the concern but is also lifesaving in many. We wanted to study the histopathological spectrum and prevalence of breast lesions.METHODSThis is a retrospective study done among 867 cases of breast lesions. The histopathological features were studied, and the various entities were diagnosed based on the WHO classification of tumours of the Breast.RESULTSUnilateral lesions (91.7%) were much more common than bilateral lesions. Most of the cases were benign (88.3%) of which the most common was fibroadenoma accounting for 496 (57%) of all cases followed by fibroadenosis (16.26%). Among the malignant cases the most common was invasive ductal carcinoma NOS accounting for 92 cases (10.6%).CONCLUSIONSThe pattern of breast lesions provides beneficial information concerning clinicopathological spectrum of breast lesions. For the correct and adequate treatment, clinical diagnosis, correlation and confirmation with the histopathological diagnosis of a breast lump is a must. Proper breast cancer awareness study and screening programs should be conducted across women of all status so that basic training and motivation can be given to women to report to the doctors as early as possible once a lump is noticed. This can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with breast tumours.
ABSTRACT
In clinical practice, thyroid nodules are very common, with wide disparity in incidence and histopathological pattern related to age, sex, dietary and environmental factors and are usually associated with a wide spectrum of diseases extending from functionally and immunologically mediated enlargement to neoplastic lesions. Thyroid cancer is the commonest endocrine cancer accounting for 92% of all the endocrine malignancies even though it is a relatively rare malignancy. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency, age group, sex distribution, and various histopathological spectrum of lesions in the thyroid.METHODSThe present study is a hospital based retrospective two-year study and was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Azeezia Medical College, Meeyannor, Kollam, Kerala. Tissue samples for H&E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing after which this was then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Various histopathological spectrum of lesions in the thyroid were observed and classified as benign and malignant on the basis of World Health Organization histological classification of the thyroid tumours.RESULTSOut of total cases of 476 thyroid lesions, maximum number of lesions were seen in patients in the age group of 41-50 years. Most common clinical symptom was midline neck swelling. Out of 476 cases, 419 cases (88.1%) were diagnosed as non-neoplastic and remaining 57 cases (11.9%) as neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesion was multi-nodular goiter (MNG) (55.4%), followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis (17.6%), Hashimoto thyroiditis (9%), and adenomatous goiter (5.6%). The common benign lesion was follicular adenoma seen in 17 (29.8%) cases. Papillary carcinoma was the commonest malignant tumour seen in 33 cases, 66.6% of all malignant lesions which we encountered in our study.CONCLUSIONSIn our study, majority of thyroid diseases showed a female predominance with most of them occurring in the age group of 41-50 years and most common thyroid lesions were non-neoplastic. Proper diagnostic tools, including clinical history, ultrasonography and proper pathological examination are required for the identification of thyroid malignancy. Diagnosis by histopathological examination is important for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic lesions.