During Pregnancy the Comparison of Hydralazine and Nifedipine for Severe Hypertension

Objective: The research paper aims at the comparison of Nifedipine and Hydralazine safety and efficacy in the hypertension management during pregnancy. Study Design: The in-hand research design is RCT (Randomized Control Trial). Place and Duration: The venue of the in-hand research paper was Mother and Child Health Unit-II which is located in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The research commenced from 1st January, 2017 and concluded on 1st July, 2017. Methodology: The number of patients included in research paper was. These patients were diagnosed hypertension and their age was beyond twenty-eight weeks of gestation were enrolled as sample of the research paper after informed consent. Total number of patients was divided into two groups namely Nifedipine and Hydralazine groups. Patients were allocated groups randomly either Nifedipine or Hydralazine group. Before the start of treatment on the right side the blood pressure was checked in supine position, the same check was repeated at the interval of half hour continuously till two hours. Patients were also noticed for the presence of any side effect of the drugs. Results: Initial mean Blood Pressure reading was noted as 170/113 mmHg. One-hour time was effective for the control of systolic blood pressure of Nifedipine group; whereas, one and half hour was for the Hydralazine group. Both the groups were observed same time for the diastolic blood pressure that was one hour respectively for both the groups. Mean time of four and a half days was observed for the pregnancy prolongation in Nifedipine group; whereas, the same time for the Hydralazine group was two days. The p-value was significantly calculated as 0.02. Nifedipine group was treated with few doses of medication. Hydralazine group reflected association of palpitation, flushing, persistent Hypertension and tachycardia with the respective proportions of 56%, 56%, 16.7% and greater than 110 bpm (20%). No other significant difference was observed in the scaled variables of feto-maternal results with an exception of headache caused by Nifedipine in seventy-three percent of the cases after drug administration. Conclusion: In the scholastic research it is concluded that during pregnancy hypertension can best be controlled through Nifedipine in comparison with Hydralazine.

The predictive accuracy of hypoxic scoring for prediction of adverse outcome in neonates born with asphyxia

Background: Birth asphyxia is a major contributor to neonatal mortality. Fetal hypoxia followed by asphyxia is common cause of brain injury in term infants. Hypoxia score has shown to be accurate enough to predict adverse outcome in asphyxiated neonates. But controversies exist regarding predictive accuracy of hypoxia score. So we conducted this study. Objective to assess the predictive accuracy of hypoxic scoring for prediction of adverse outcome in neonates born with asphyxia.Methods: 170 neonates were screed for hypoxia score. Neonates were labelled as positive or negative. Then all neonates were followed-up for 7 days. If neonate died within 7days, then case was confirmed as positive or negative. Data was analysed by using SPSS 20. 2x2 table was developed to calculate sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and predictive accuracy of hypoxia score.Results: The mean Apgar score at birth was 5.01'0.83. The sensitivity of hypoxia score was 87.8%, specificity was 90.9%, PPV was 90%, NPV was 88.9% while predictive accuracy was 89.4% taking actual adverse outcome as gold standard.Conclusions: The predictive accuracy of hypoxia score was high for prediction of adverse outcome in asphyxiated neonates.

Massive attack by honeybees in a German shepherd dog: description of a fatal case and review of the literature

In the present study, a fatal case caused by honeybee (Apis cerana) stings was documented in a female German shepherd dog that was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Characteristic clinical signs included hematuria, hematemesis, incoordination and convulsions along with evidence of massive honeybee attack supported the diagnosis of envenomation. The dog was treated with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine, but it did not respond to therapy and died. This outcome could be avoided if we had a bee antivenom available for treating envenomated patients.(AU)

Massive attack by honeybees in a German shepherd dog: description of a fatal case and review of the literature

In the present study, a fatal case caused by honeybee (Apis cerana) stings was documented in a female German shepherd dog that was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Characteristic clinical signs included hematuria, hematemesis, incoordination and convulsions along with evidence of massive honeybee attack supported the diagnosis of envenomation. The dog was treated with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine, but it did not respond to therapy and died. This outcome could be avoided if we had a bee antivenom available for treating envenomated patients.