ABSTRACT
Context: low physical activity is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases [NCD] such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The current paper reviews the main findings from Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS] that focus on physical activity and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors over the past two decades
Evidence Acquisition: we conducted a literature search for articles from 1999 to December 2017 using the search terms: [Physical activity, leisure time physical activity, non-communicable disease, and TLGS]
Results: the prevalence of low physical activity was 69.8% during phase II of TLGS [2000 - 2004]. During 6.5 years of follow up, the prevalence of low physical activity in the total population decreased significantly between phases II [2000 - 2004] and IV of TLGS [2008 - 2010] [P < 0.05]. Overweight individuals with sedentary lifestyles had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, compared to those who had high levels of leisure-time physical activity in phase IV of TLGS [2008 - 2010]; in the obese group, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels differed significantly between different leisure-time physical activity categories [106.9 +/- 14.3 vs. 119.1 +/- 17.2 mmHg, P = 0.03] and [111.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 147.1 +/- 1.6 mg/dL, P = 0.01], respectively
Conclusions: the present review highlights the impact of low physical activity on the health of the TLGS community from adolescence to adulthood. The decreased prevalence of low physical activity from phase II to phase IV of TLGS indicates the necessity for lifestyle interventions as a potentially effective strategy, which could have a positive impact on various risk factors and indicators of non-communicable diseases such as body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profiles
ABSTRACT
Context: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] is a community-based study to reveal the frequency of non-communicable diseases [NCDs] in Tehran's population. This research consists of two main parts, a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a 20-year-ongoing prospective cohort study, which was initiated in 1999 in several phases with an approximate duration of 3.6 years, and is still ongoing. The aim of the present study is review the 20 year biochemical findings of the TLGS related to the NCDs in a large sample
Methods: all articles on biochemical assessments derived from the TLGS from the earliest publications [2002] until 30 January 2018 were reviewed for their findings on different risk factors of NCDs
Results: according to the TLGS findings high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], homocysteine [Hcy], age, smoking, hypertension, and obesity were the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]. It was illustrated that in subjects with abdominal obesity, the hs-CRP and IL-6 serum levels were higher than in normal subjects. The most appropriate prognostic indexes and associations were for hs-CRP, IL-6, and Hcy with abdominal obesity, waist circumference, WHtR, and wrist circumference, respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between obesity and serum levels of inflammatory factors
Conclusions: according to the results of TLGS, serum levels of biochemical risk factors such as hs-CRP, IL-6, and Hcy could be beneficial in early diagnosis and effective treatment of cardiovascular, obesity and other metabolic diseases
ABSTRACT
Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC] occurs in both sporadic [75%] and hereditary [25%] forms. The missense mutations of the RE arranged during Transfection [RET] proto-oncogene in MTC development have been well demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate frequency of G691S/S904S haplotype in MTC patients and their relatives
Methods: In this research 293 participants were studied, including 181 patients [102 female, 79 male] and 112 their relatives [58 female, 54 male]. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes using the standard Salting Out/Proteinase K method. Nucleotide change detection was performed using PCR and direct DNA sequencing methods
Results: According to DNA sequencing results, 159 individuals [104 patients, 55 relatives] had both G691S [rs1799939] missense mutation in exon11 and S904S [rs1800863] synonymous mutation in exon 15 of RET proto-oncogene. The allele frequency of G691S/S904S haplotype was 21.15% in patients and 10.75% in their relatives
Conclusion: The obtained data showed the frequency of G691S/S904S RET gene haplotype among Iranian MTC patients and their relatives. The G691S and S904S nucleotide changes were in complete linkage disequilibrium, so the results were grouped together and referred to as G691S/S904S haplotype. Further analysis is need to demonstrate the association between this haplotype and MTC development
ABSTRACT
Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the endocrine system in human body and accounts for nearly 1% of all cancers. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is the third frequent of thyroid cancer and accounts about 5-8% of thyroid cancer. Osteocalcin, known as a Bone Gamma-carboxyglutamic Acid-containing Protein [BGLAP], is the most non collagenous protein. Retinol binding proteins are the family of proteins that have diverse actions but mainly transport retinol in human body. In this study to evaluate effect of existence medullary thyroid carcinoma on metabolism of bone and adipose tissue, plasma level of two mentioned proteins had analyzed. Population in this study consists of 46 individuals with medullary thyroid carcinoma and 44 healthy subjects referred individuals to Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. People with the disease after diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pathologically confirmed by biopsy in the initial stages of the study were called. After informed consent, 10 ml of blood from the antecubital vein of left hand in sitting position obtained and after centrifugation, plasma was isolated from all samples until analyzed kept in the freezer. Plasma levels of hormones were measured by sandwich type ELISA method. Obtained results were analyzed by SPSS version 16 with independent t-test method. Mean plasma level of osteocalcin in patients was 33.1 +/- 3.5 and in healthy subjects was 12.5 +/- 1.2 ng/ml [Mean +/- SD] and Odds Ratio [OR] value was 1.04. In patients, mean plasma level of retinol binding protein was 82.5 +/- 2.7 and in healthy subjects was 22.8 +/- 1.6 mg/ml and OR value was 2.1. The confidence level considered at 95%. These differences of plasma levels were statistically significant [P=0.001]. According to difference between plasma levels of osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 in patients suffered of medullary thyroid carcinoma comparison with normal subjects, it can be said that, probably medullary thyroid carcinoma has effect on bone and adipose tissue metabolism, so osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 hormones have potential to be used for confirmation of diagnosis or following treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma
ABSTRACT
Adiponectin is one of the adipokines derived from adipose tissue. It is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, Insulin Resistance [IR] and obesity-related disorders. Adiponectin in patients with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome [PCOS] has a different expression. This study was performed to assess the serum levels of adiponectin in PCOS patients considering the high prevalence of insulin resistance in this patients and its relation with body mass index, fasting insulin and fasting glucose to evaluate This case-control study was performed on 45 PCOS patients and 45 controls being matched in regards to age and BMI. Adinopectin level was measured by ELISA. FBS and insulin were measured by glucose oxidase and ELISA method, respectively. Insulin resistance was determined by HOMA-IR. Serum adiponectin level in PCOS subjects and healthy women did not differ statistically. There was no significant difference between fasting insulin and fasting glucose levels in PCOS subjects and healthy women. However, HOMA-IR in PCOS subjects was significantly higher than healthy women. There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin level and BMI [p=0.035] and fasting glucose [p=0.019]. However, after separation of the two groups there was no correlation between adiponectin and BMI. Despite the relationship between adiponectin levels and BMI, and as no relation is observed with PCOS, the role of this adipokine in the syndrome is unlikely. Thus, apparently increase in the amount of adiponectin will not be effective in preventing the syndrome