ABSTRACT
Introduction: Variation in the branching pattern of axillary artery is quite common. Accurate knowledge of thenormal and variant arterial anatomy of the axillary artery is important for clinical procedures in axillary andpectoral region. The aim of this study is to find out the incidence and types of variation in the branching patternof axillary artery.Materials and Methods: Dissection of axillary and pectoral region was done on both sides in 25 cadavers in thedepartment of Anatomy, K.P.C. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata to study the branching pattern of axillaryartery.Results: Variation was present in 16% cases. Among these, 6% variation was present in the second part and 10%variation was present in the third part of axillary artery. Most common variation found was the origin ofsubscapular artery from the second part of axillary artery.Conclusion: Proper knowledge of variations of branching pattern of axillary artery is important for orthopaedic,reconstructive and vascular surgeons to avoid complications during various surgical procedures in axillaryregions and angiographies.
ABSTRACT
Background: A sound knowledge of variations of blood vessels is required during operative, diagnostic andendovascular procedures in the abdomen and pelvis. The anatomy of the gonadal vessels has assumed moreimportance with development of newer intra-abdominal operative and laparoscopic techniques. The main aimof this study is to highlight incidence of variable origin of gonadal artery and its clinical significance.Materials and Methods: Dissection of posterior abdominal wall was done in 30 cadavers in the department ofAnatomy, K.P.C. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata to observe the origin and course of gonadal arteries.Results: Variation was found in two cases (6.67%). Both of the cases were in male (8.33%) and on the left side.Conclusion: Various morphological anomalies of gonadal arteries are reported. The possible embryologicalbasis for this variation as well as its clinical significance, are discussed. The knowledge of this variation willhelp the radiologists and surgeons in avoiding clinical complications during uroradiologic interventions andsurgical procedures such as renal and gonadal surgeries.
ABSTRACT
There and great variety of reproductive styles in fish, usage of aquaculture in increasing fish production needs to have a proper understanding of endocrine physiology. In this study three different sets of experiment were designed 19L/5D at 200C, 12L/12D at 200C, 18L/6D at 200C photoperiod and temperature effects on these experimental regimes on reproduction are compared with control group. The gonadal maturation was assessed by microscopic and histological obervations. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) have been calculated. The results from our research revealed that at 19L/15D at 200C temperature the gonads are in more developed conditions than other photoperiodic regimes. GSI values is also high. Therefore,it was concluded that long photoperiod are useful to accelerate gonadal activity in goldfish Carassius auratus.