Dynamic contour tonometry in primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma: factors associated with intraocular pressure and ocular pulse amplitude

To compare the intraocular pressures [IOP] and ocular pulse amplitudes [OPAs] in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma [POAG] and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma [PXG], and to evaluate ocular and systemic factors associated with the OPA. In this prospective study, on 28 POAG and 30 PXG patients, IOP was measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometry [GAT] and the Pascal dynamic contour tonometry [DCT]. Other measurements included central corneal thickness [CCT], vertical cup-to-disc ratio [CDR], and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Statistical significance was defined as P< 0.05. In each of the POAG and PXG groups, GAT IOP was correlated with CCT [r = 0.40, P -= 0.03 and r= 0.35, P =0.05, respectively], whereas DOT IOP and CCT were not correlated. In all patients and in the POAG group, OPA was positively correlated with DCT IOP [r= 0.39, P = 0.002]. OPA was not correlated with CCT in the POAG [P= 0.80], nor in the PXG [P = 0.20] group, after adjusting for DCT IOP When corrected for DCT IOP and CCT, there was a significant negative correlation between OPA and vertical CDR in all patients [r= - 0.41, P = 0.002]. There was no significant difference in OPAbetween groups [P= 0.55], even when OPA was adjusted for IOP and systolic and diastolic pressure [P= 0.40], in a linear regression model. DCT IOP and OPA are not correlated with CCT. There is no significant difference between the OPA of PXG and POAG eyes. OPA is correlated with DCT IOP, and is lower in eyes with more advanced glaucomatous cupping

Early-onset pseudoexfoliation syndrome following multiple intraocular procedures

To present early-onset ocular manifestations of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in young patients who had undergone multiple intraocular procedures. This is an observational case series, introducing four cases with histories of multiple intraocular procedures for glaucoma. All reported cases demonstrated typical manifestations of pseudoexfoliation unilaterally in the eye that had undergone multiple surgeries. The diagnosis of pseudoexfoliation was made prior to the age of 50 in all subjects and the earliest manifestation was at the age of 18 in a case with primary congenital glaucoma. The role of multiple surgical procedures, in addition to genetic predisposition, should be further investigated as a possible inciting factor predisposing to pseudoexfoliation in younger individuals.

Prevalence of calibration errors in Goldman applanation tonometers

To determine the prevalence of calibration errors in Goldmann applanation tonometers at Farabi Eye Hospital. This cross-sectional study was performed on all tonometers in use at Farabi Eye Hospital. All Haag-Streit Goldmann applanation tonometers were checked according to the manufacturer's method by two independent observers and by a third observer in case of mismatched results. Calibration errors were classified into 6 categories of +/- 0.5, +/- 1, +/- 1.5, +/- 2, +/- 2.5 and more than +/- 2.5 mmHg. Overall, 43 Goldmann tonometers were evaluated. There were 3 [7%], 10 [24.3%], 16 [38.3%], 24 [56.9%], 31 [72.1%] and 12 [27.9%] tonometers within calibration errors of +/- 0.5, +/- 1, +/- 1.5, +/- 2, +/- 2.5 and more than +/- 2.5 mmHg respectively. Goldmann tonometers were not within the manufacturer's recommended range [ +/- 0.5 mmHg] in 93%, and not within the acceptable range of +/- 2.5 mmHg in 28% of checked devices. Further study is needed to demonstrate the correlation between calibration errors and clinical errors

Intralenticular foreign body: a case report / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

An intralenticular foreign body is a rare condition, but the prevalence is about 5% of all intraocular foreign bodies and it can result in serious complications. We managed them according to the size, location, material type and the risk of infection. This article reported a 51year-old patient with an intralenticular metal foreign body in the left eye, who underwent phacoemulsification lens extraction with removal of the intralenticular foreign body and insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. The visual outcome was good.

Neuropathy and retinopathy in diabetes: Is there any association? / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate correlation of retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as microvascular complications of diabetes and also to identify their risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.MEHTODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an outpatient diabetes clinic during an 18-month period. 100 patients (51 male and 49 female), all affected by non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), were examined for the presence of diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy.RESULTS: 78.1% of patients with retinopathy had DPN; and 79.1% of patients with DPN had retinopathy. Analysis of the association between DPN and retinopathy showed no significant correlation between them. 90.9% of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) had DPN; and 27.8 %of patients with DPN had PDR. Both the univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlation between them (r =0.42, P =0.02).CONCLUSION: A severe diabetic retinopathy is associated with diabetic neuropathy. Our study further supports that diabetic neuropathy might be used as a tell-tale sign of diabetic retinopathy, necessitating more intensive ophthalmic care, especially in long-lasting diabetes.