ABSTRACT
Background: Unmet need for family planning refers to the percentage of fecund women of reproductive age either married or in union, women who either wish to postpone the next birth (spacers) or who wish to stop child bearing (limiters) but are not using a contraceptive method. This clearly indicates a gap between a woman’s reproductive intention and current contraceptive behaviour. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of unmet need for family planning, to assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics and unmet need of family planning, to identify the reasons for unmet need.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2018 in Ankuli (UHTC). A total of 188 ever married women in the reproductive age group were selected by simple random sampling.Results: Out of 188 women, 41 (21.8%) had no need for contraception and needs for family planning of 78 (41.5%) women had been met. The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 36.7% consists of 24 (12.8%) spacing need and 45 (23.9%) limiting need. It was found that age, education of women, age at marriage, number of living children, contraceptive knowledge and inter-spousal communication were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. The most common reason for not using any contraceptive method was fear of side effects (40.6%).Conclusions: The unmet need for family planning was high and in order to reduce the gap, the program should address the above reasons.
ABSTRACT
Background: Globally, 36.7 million people were living with HIV. The prevalence in India is estimated to be 0.26% and it is in the range of 0.21-0.25% in Odisha. The objectives were to assess the perception on HIV and the preventive practices among the health personnel in a tertiary level health facility of South Odisha.Methods: This study was hospital based cross-sectional study. Place of study was OPDs, indoor wards, emergency Department of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, India. Study period was from December 2017 to February 2018. Study participants were all the health care workers present during the visit were interviewed using semi structured questionnaire. Sample size were 174 health personnel. Those who didn’t give consent for the study were excluded from the study. Statistical tests used were percentage and proportion. Statistical software used-SPSS 16 version.Results: Out of 174 respondents 67.8% were doctors, 14.9% staff nurses and 17.3% other professionals. Among safety measures, gloves, mask, apron and cap were used by 69%, 11.5%, 13.8% and 5.7% respectively. The patient’s HIV status was enquired by 78.9% male health personnel during treatment. 90% female health personnel had come across HIV positive patients during treatment procedure. The knowledge about basic PEP regimen was present in 54.4% male and 80% female health personnel.Conclusions: The study participants were not aware about all the mode of transmission. There is gap in knowledge and practices of safety gears. Perceptions and practice of doctors were no way better than other health personnel. Knowledge and practice of safety gear should be enforced by the hospital authority to keep its work force safe and healthy.
ABSTRACT
Background: RSBY, a health insurance scheme, was launched by the Indian government to protect BPL families from incurring financial liabilities which are likely to occur due to hospitalization. Objectives was to compare over all OOPE among RSBY beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries and to estimate its extent during hospitalization in different domains among RSBY beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted for 2 months (January-February 2018) among BPL families residing in Ganjam district, Odisha. Multistage random sampling was done. Total sample size was 256, the number of beneficiaries and non beneficiaries taken was 128 each.Results: Non beneficiaries incurred higher overall OOPE higher i.e. 95.3% than the Beneficiaries and it was found to be statistically significant with x²=74.8 and P-value <0.001. Among beneficiaries out of pocket expenditure was found in 46.1% of the study population. 45.3% of beneficiaries had to borrow partially from friends and relatives to fulfil their hospital related expenses followed by 32% borrowing fully for their treatment. Among beneficiaries, most out of pocket expenditure was for life support services as they sought treatment mostly for surgical conditions.Conclusions: Health insurance coverage should be improved by increasing enrolment. People should be made aware about the services covered under the schemes.
ABSTRACT
With a rapidly increasing geriatric population the epidemiological data regarding the socio-clinical profile & health related problems are urgently required for proper health planning. Objective was to study the Socio-clinical profile and Health related problems of the elderly and their attitude towards life. The present study was a descriptive study carried out in the Geriatric Clinic of MKCG Medical College, Hospital. A total of 315 elderly patients (60 years old and above) who attended the geriatric clinic were interviewed using a pre-tested schedule. Findings were described in terms of proportions and percentages to study the socio-economic status of the samples and its correlation to social problems. It was found that around 72% of the patients belonged to the age group of 60-69 years old. Nearly 32% of the respondents were illiterate. Around 48% felt they were not happy in life. A majority of them had health problems such as hypertension followed by arthritis, diabetes, asthma, cataract, and anemia. About 68% of the patients said that the attitude of people towards the elderly was that of neglect. The results of the study showed that there is a need for geriatric counseling centers that can take care of their physical and psychological needs. The stringent rules for eligibility to social security schemes should be made more flexible to cover a larger population.