ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between nonnutritive sucking habits and anterior open bite in the deciduous dentition of Japanese-Brazilian children. METHODS: 410 children of Japanese origin were assessed, 206 boys and 204 girls, between 2 and 6 years of age, in schools in São Paulo State, Brazil. Questionnaires concerning their nonnutritive sucking habits were sent to their legal guardians. Chi-square tests (p<0.05) were applied to assess the association between nonnutritive sucking habits and anterior open bite, and the logistic regression test to obtain the relative risk. RESULTS: The prevalence of sucking habits found in the sample was of 44.6% and for the anterior open bite, 4.4%. There was a statistically significant association between anterior open bite and sucking habits (O.R.=10.77), persistence of sucking habits from 2 to 4 years old (O.R.=22.06), and the persistence of sucking habits from 4 to 6 years old (O.R.=17.31). As for the interruption period of the habit, the group that had interrupted the habit for a period equal or inferior to six months showed an increased prevalence of open bite compared to the group without this habit or in which the habit was interrupted for more than six months. CONCLUSION: Japanese-Brazilian children that had sucking habits have greater chance of acquiring anterior open bite in the deciduous dentition.
ABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a associação entre hábitos de sucção digital e/ou de chupeta e as relações oclusais ântero-posteriores em crianças nipo-brasileiras, na dentadura decídua. Um cirurgião-dentista examinou clinicamente 410 crianças (206 do gênero masculino e 204 do feminino), com 2 a 6 anos de idade, matriculadas em 36 escolas de 9 cidades no Estado de São Paulo. Questionários sobre os hábitos de sucção foram respondidos pelos pais, permitindo dividir a amostra em dois grupos: Controle (GC), com 227 crianças sem histórico de hábitos (55,4%) e Experimental (GE), com 183 crianças que apresentavam histórico positivo (44,6%). O Grupo Experimental foi dividido em três subgrupos conforme a idade de interrupção dos hábitos: SG1, até 2 anos; SG2, 2 a 4 anos e SG3, 4 a 6 anos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes Qui-Quadrado (p < 0,05) e de regressão logística. As prevalências de más oclusões para os três subgrupos foram de: sobressaliência aumentada - 13,1%, 32,8% e 26,7%; caninos em Classe 2 - 11,7%, 14,8% e6,7%; degrau distal - 5,6%, 13,1% e 6,6%. Para GC, os respectivos valores foram de 13,2%, 6,2% e 4,2%. Em relação ao GC, as principais diferenças ocorreram no SG2, com odds ratios aumentados em 3,2; 2,63 e 3,45, respectivamente. Os hábitos pesquisados associaram-se significantemente com o aumento na prevalência da má oclusão de Classe 2 na dentadura decídua, particularmente dos 2 aos 4 anos de idade.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between digital and/or pacifier sucking habits and the anteroposterior occlusal relationships in Japanese-Brazilian children, in the deciduous dentition. One dentist carried out clinical examinations in 410 children (206 males and 204 females), aged 2-6 years, enrolled in 36 schools from 9 cities in the state of Sao Paulo. Their parents answered questionnaires about sucking habits and the sample was assigned to two groups: Control (CG), containing 227 children without history of non-nutritive sucking habits (55.4%), and Experimental (EG), consisting of 183 children with habits history (44.6%). The Experimental Group was further divided into three subgroupsaccording to the age interval at which the habits were discontinued: SG1, until 2 years; SG2, from 2 to 4 years; andSG3, from 4 to 6 years. Data were analyzed using chi-square (p < 0.05) and logistic regression tests. The prevalences of malocclusions observed in three subgroups showed of: 13.1%, 32.8%, and 26.7% for increased overjet; 11.7%, 14.8%, and 6.7% for Class 2 canine relationship, as well as 5.6%, 13.1%, and 6.6% for distal step. For CG, the respective values were of 13.2%, 6.2%, and 4.2%. In relation to CG, the major differences were verified in SG2, with increased odds ratiosof 3.2; 2.63, and 3.45. The assessed habits were observed to be significantly associated with an increase in the prevalence of Class 2 malocclusion in the deciduous dentition, particularly between 2 and 4 years of age.