ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Pap smear testing as a conventional cervical screening approach has limitations for implementation and aided visual cervical testing has varying results in different regions. AIMS: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the performance of aided visual cervical screening tests as against conventional Pap smear testing in a rural community setting of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a rural community based cross‑sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 7603 ever married women of age 30‑59 years surveyed in a pocket of Dadri Tehsil, Uttar Pradesh, India were targeted for screening by Pap, visual inspection of cervix using acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection of cervix using Lugol’s iodine (VILI) methods. Screen positives were referred to colposcopy and confirmation by histology. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Detection of histological cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II + and CIN III + assessed separately by sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio’s and predictive values. Analysis of data was performed by using IBM SPSS statstics software version 16.0. RESULTS: A total of 65.6%(4988/7604) eligible women of 30‑59 years age group in the target population were screened. Out of 4988, further analysis was performed on 4148 after excluding those who did not complete all screenings, who lost to follow‑up and had missing histology results. Screen positivity rates by Pap (ASCUS and above), VIA and VILI were 2.6%, 9.7% and 13.5% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of detecting the CIN III+ lesions were 87.5 and 98.8% for Pap, 50.0% and 96.7% for VIA and 50.0% and 95.7% for VILI respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VIA screening demonstrated as a feasible primary screening test for detecting high grade CIN and as to perform better when the Pap test is not feasible.
Subject(s)
/diagnosis , Adult , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Female , Humans , India , Iodides/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Rural Population , SENSITIVITY & , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objectives: To summarize and provide an overview of the childhood cancer incidence reported in 25 population-based cancer registries of India. Methods: Secondary data on age-adjusted rates of cancer incidence for children (0-14 years) were collected from the report of the National Cancer Registry Programme in the year 2013. range of age-adjusted-rates per million children were tabulated for six regions of the country. Results: Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates ranged from 18.6 per million to 159.6 per million for boys and 11.3 to 112.4 for girls. The highest incidence was observed for males (159.6) in Southern region of the country and the lowest in North-east in both boys (18.6) and girls (11.3). Leukemia and lymphoma were the commonest malignancies in boys whereas leukemia and brain tumors were commonest in girls. Conclusion: Childhood cancer indicidence appears to be increasing in India.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background : Understanding cancer magnitude, risk and trends will be of help in cancer control programs. Aim : To study trends in cumulative risk up to 64 years of age as lifetime risk of developing major cancers in India during the years 1982 to 2000. Design : Retrospective. Setting : Secondary sources of cancer-registration data. Materials and Methods : Data on age-specific cancer-incidence rates were collected for patients 0-64 years of age of either sex for 10 major cancer sites from the National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP) reports of India from Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Bhopal and Delhi; and Barshi registries for the years 1982 or 1988 to 2000. Statistical Analysis : Cumulative risks computed for lifetime development of cancer. Linear trends were studied using simple linear regressions. Results : The lifetime risk among females for the10 cancer sites ranged from 0.02 to 3.3% and from 0.04 to 2.4% for the years 1982 and 2000 respectively; whereas among males, it ranged from 0.04 to 0.89% and from 0.05 to 0.95% respectively. Significant (P P P P Conclusion : Significant and higher rates of positive trends in lifetime cancer risks for breast cancer among females and for NHL among both sexes were observed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
A cross-sectional study was carried out on one thousand school children studying in three public schools of Delhi and Haryana between 10 to 17 year age group over the period of one year (2001-02). It aimed in studying under diagnosis of asthma in school children and its related factors. Questionnaires including details of medical, social, environmental factors precipitating asthma were filled by the parents and class teachers. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed. Based on questionnaires and PFT results, children were grouped as labeled and unlabeled asthmatics. Cough was found to be equally prevalent in both the groups while wheezing and shortness of breath were independent and significant factors associated with getting a physician diagnosis.