community-based cross-sectional study of cardiovascular risk in a rural community of Puducherry

Background: The World Health Organization [WHO] / International Society of Hypertension [ISH] risk prediction chart can predict the risk of cardiovascular events in any population

Aim: To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the cardiovascular risk using the WHO/ISH risk charts

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from November 2011 to January 2012 in a rural area of Puducherry. Method of sampling was a single stage cluster random sampling, and subjects were enrolled depending on their suitability with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collection tool was a piloted and semi-structured questionnaire, while WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction charts for the South-East Asian region was used to predict the cardiovascular risk. Institutional Ethics committee permission was obtained before the start of the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and appropriate statistical tests were applied

Results: The mean age in years was 54.2 [ +/- 11.1] years with 46.7% of the participants being male. On application of the WHO/ISH risk prediction charts, almost 17% of the study subjects had moderate or high risk for a cardiovascular event. Additionally, high salt diet, alcohol use and low HDL levels, were identified as the major CVD risk factors

Conclusion: To conclude, stratification of people on the basis of risk prediction chart is a major step to have a clear idea about the magnitude of the problem. The findings of the current study revealed that there is a high burden of CVD risk in the rural Puducherry

Global plan for the decade of action for road safety: expectations from developing nations

Globally, 1.24 million people die every year because of road traffic accidents [RTAs] and almost 20-50 million people sustain non-fatal injuries. Realizing the magnitude and the global distribution of the problem, the current decade 2011- 2020 has been proclaimed as the Decade of Action for road safety, with a target of first stabilizing and then decreasing the estimated magnitude of morbidity and mortality by intensifying the global efforts on national and international platform. The primary step is to develop a surveillance network for data collection to identify the causative factors and estimate the accurate magnitude of RTA so that rational policy can be planned for achieving the best possible allocation of limited resources, especially in developing countries. Other measures such as creating public awareness; strict enforcement of road safety legislations; establishing prompt and good quality post-crash response; and establishing monitoring and evaluation system to assess the outcome of implemented measures can be strategically implemented to counter the burden of road traffic accidents

cross sectional study of knowledge and practices about reproductive health among female adolescents in an urban slum of Mumbai

To study knowledge about reproductive health among female adolescents and to assess their treatment seeking behavior regarding reproductive health problems in an urban slum of Mumbai. Cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken in an urban slum area of Mumbai for period of 3 months. All adolescent girls from 10 - 19 years of age, who had attained menarche, attending general OPD and STI clinic were included. Subjects were interviewed face to face using pretested semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. The questionnaire contained information regarding socio demographic parameters and that related to reproductive health i.e. menstrual hygiene, knowledge and practices related to HIV / AIDS, contraception, abortion, Medical Termination of Pregnancy [MTP], etc. and their treatment seeking behavior in last 3 months for reproductive health problems. Privacy and confidentiality was strictly maintained. Analysis was done with SPSS version 17. Seventy nine [32.8%] subjects had unsatisfactory menstrual hygienic practices. Two hundred twelve [88%] women were aware about availability of ANC services. Sixty six percent of women had correct knowledge of modes of transmission of HIV while only 18.7% knew about safe sexual practices. Education status and early adolescents age group [10 -14 years] was found to be significantly associated with knowledge of adolescents regarding menstruation. Female adolescents should be given appropriate knowledge regarding puberty and sexual health to help them confidently deal with their reproductive and sexual health issues