ABSTRACT
The development of resistance by pathogenic microorganisms to synthetic antibiotics encouraged researchers to find novel drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. This opened new avenues to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of active extracts/constituents from plant endophytes. In the present study, we have isolated endophytic bacteria (ULB-I, II and III) from green algae Ulva lactuca Linn. and the same bacteria were used for fermentation and extraction. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of ULB-I, II and III were prepared and screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activities and also against Kleibesella pnumoniae infected mice in-vivo. In-vitro anti-microbial activities of ULB-I, II and III were performed against pathogenic bacteria, fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RV strain. From the phylogenetic analysis, the isolated endophytic organisms were identified as Bacillus subtilis JCM strain (ULB-I) and Enterobacter cloacae NBRC strain (ULB-II and III). ULB–I was found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus (1.6µg/ml) and Enterococcus feacalis (0.2µg/ml). The MIC against Staphylococcus aureus and Kleibesella pnumoniae was found to be 0.4µg/ml for ULB-II. A significant anti-fungal activity was observed against Aspergillus flavus (0.2-3.2µg/ml) and Aspergillus niger (0.2-0.4µg/ml). Further, Chloroform fraction of ULB-II and ethyl acetate fraction of ULB-III have shown significant anti-tubercular activity against the tested organism with MIC of 6.25µg/ml. This was supported by in-vivo antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae infection in mice and least hemolytic activity against erythrocytes was observed. HPTLC analysis of above fractions further confirmed the presence of polyvalent secondary metabolites.
ABSTRACT
Gymnemic acid is obtained from the natural resource and has got antioxidant property, was investigated for the possible neuroprotective effect in experimentally induced cerebral ischemic rats. Carotid arteries clamped with the help of aneurysm clips to produce cerebral ischemia, the clips were removed from the arteries to allow the reflow of the blood through carotid arteries. It was observed that lipid peroxidation was increased significantly after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Brain endogenous antioxidant GSH and total protein levels were low. Administration of gymnemic acid in a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.w orally showed promising neuroprotective effect by reducing cerebral infarct size as well as improved all antioxidant levels showing activity against oxidative stress.
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present work to prepare Rutin-phospholipid complex (RPC), a phytoformulation and characterization, evaluation for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic model. Prepared RPC was characterized and screened for antidiabetic activity by OGTT in normoglycemic and diabetic rats for RT and RPC at different time intervals. Effect of RT and RPC (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. p.o. respectively) in STZ induced diabetic rats for one day and fifteen days was studied. This is followed by estimation of Estimation of SG, and lipid parameters. Histopathology studies of pancreatic tissue and bioavailability studies of RT & RPC were also carried out. SEM data showed that RPC has irregular size vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine. RPC showed a single endothermal peak at 147.68°C in DSC studies. OH group has shifted to lower frequency in phytosome compared to rutin phospholipid in FTIR spectra. Treatment with RPC (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) significantly reduced the blood glucose levels and restored the altered lipid parameters as compared to RT. Histopathological studies revealed that RPC also restored back the size of pancreatic islets and maintained the normal β-cells. A higher serum concentration of RT (13.20 μg/mL) in RPC treated group was observed in bioavailability studies as compared to RT. RPC maintained effective concentration of rutin for a longer period in rat serum.
ABSTRACT
With an objective of developing some novel analgesic and antiinflammatory natural agents with fast acting and low toxicity profile here in, the different extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn) seeds were evaluated for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities using glacial acetic acid induced writhing and carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method respectively. For screening of the extracts for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities aspirin and diclofenac were used as standard drugs respectively. Petroleum ether extract exhibited significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. The petroleum ether extract can be considered as a potential candidate for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. The presence of steroids and flavonoids in petroleum ether extract of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seeds could be attributed for the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research work is to carryout the phytochemical screening and evaluate the analgesic, antiinflammatory activities of Peganum harmala Linn., seeds. In this study different extracts of Peganum harmala (Linn) seeds were evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using glacial acetic acid induced writhing and carrageenan induced rat paw edema models respectively. For analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities aspirin and diclofenac were used as standard drugs respectively. The ethyl acetate extract showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, thus it can be considered as a potential candidate for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. The presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids in ethyl acetate extract of Peganum harmala (Linn) seeds could be attributed for the claimed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.