Response of three wheat varieties to nitrogen levels, seeding rates and their combination; 2: Spike characters

To achieve larger production per unit area, sciences and farmers face a great defiance in improving cropping practices and elicitation new top yielding wheat varieties and also to establish the effects of these factors on the spike characters. Two years experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer levels (recommend rate 80 kg N/fed and 25% lower and higher than the recommended, i.e. 60 and 100 kg N/ fed, three seeding rates (40, 60 and 80 kg grains/fed) and there varieties (Giza-171, Gemmiza-12 and Shandawil-1), on spike characters of wheat at the Agricultural and experimental Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The experimental design was a split- split plot in randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. Nitrogen levels were allocated to the main plots, while the sub plots were assigned for seeding rates. Wheat varieties were distributed at random in the sub-sub plots. Each sub-sub plots area 4 m (2 x 2m). Generally, results indicated that significant effect on spike length and number of grains/ spike in both seasons and on weight of grains/ spike and 1000-grain weight in one season, where the tallest and heaviest spike as well as the heaviest 1000-grain weight were produced at the 100 kg N/fed in both seasons but the highest number of grains/spike was obtained at 80 kg N/fed in one season. It could be concluded that application nitrogen at the rate of 100 kg/fed proceed the favorable effect on spike characters under the environmental conditions of the experimental site and the similar conditions. Seeding rates caused a significant effect on all studied traits in one season, so the highest values were at 80 kg grains/fed, but this effect on 1000-grain weight was true in both seasons, where the highest value was at 60 kg grains/fed. Moreover, varieties were significantly differed in all spike character in both seasons except number and weight of grains/spike in one season where Giza-12 variety surpassed others. Al studied interactions had significant effect on all studied traits either in one or two season. Planting Giza-171 with 80 kg grains/fed and application of 100 kg N/fed was the pest treatment.

Prostatic Histopathologic and Electron Microscopic Changes Following Intraperitoneal Injection of Gold Nanorods to Male Albino Rats

The field of nanomedicine has been developed to achieve enhanced and targeted delivery of biomolecules including nanoparticles. Despitetheir convenience, metal nanoparticles confront strenuous challenges including toxicity, low translocation ability into cells and clearancefrom the organs. This study aims to detect the in vivo cellular interaction between prostatic tissues and gold nanorods on the prostatic tissueand to detect the short-term effect of the gold nanorods to reach prostatic tissue by histopathologic and electron microscopic examinations.Forty-eight adult male albino rats (180-200 g) were used. They were divided into 2 equal groups. The 1st group received injection of saline0.9% (i.P); while, the 2nd group received 1 ml of 300 μg/kg body weight of AuNRs. On days 1, 3, 7, and 14 post-treatment, six animals fromeach group were sacrificed and the prostate was dissected and cut into two sections for performing histopathologic and EM study. It hasbeen found that the short term effect of gold nanorods induced pyknotic and apoptotic changes as well as presence of phagocytosis in theprostate tissues. From this study, it could be concluded that gold nanorods have reached prostate tissue; therefore, it could be helpful inupcoming days to establish a concept on the role of gold nanorods in the management of cellular biological behaviors.

Management of postpartum iron deficiency anemia: review of literature

Anemia is a condition in which either the number of circulating red blood cells or their hemoglobin concentration is decreased. As a result, there is decreased transport of oxygen from the lungs to peripheral tissues. The standard approach to treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia is oral iron supplementation, with blood transfusion reserved for more server or symptomatic cases. There are a number of hazards of allogenic blood transfusion including transfusion of the wrong blood, infection, anaphylaxis and lung injury, any of which will be devastating for a young mother. These hazards, together with the national shortage of blood products, mean that transfusion should be viewed as a last resort in otherwise young and healthy women. Currently, there are many iron preparations available containing different types of iron salts, including ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous ascorbate but common adverse drug reactions found with these preparations are mainly gastrointestinal intolerance like nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, while ferrous bis-glycinate (fully reacted chelated amino acid form of iron) rarely make complication. Two types of intravenous (IV) preparations available are IV iron sucrose and IV ferric carboxymaltose. IV iron sucrose is safe, effective and economical. Reported incidence of adverse reactions with IV iron sucrose is less as compared to older iron preparations (Iron dextran, iron sorbitol), but it requires multiple doses and prolonged infusion time. Intramuscular iron sucrose complex is particularly contraindicated because of poor absorption. It was also stated that when iron dextran is given intravenously up to 30% of patients suffer from adverse effects which include arthritis, fever, urticaria and anaphylaxis.

Examining the impacts of 12 weeks of low to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on depression status in patients with systolic congestive heart failure - A randomized controlled study

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric depression disorder is common in patients with systolic congestive heart failure (HF), and both conditions share underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The incidence rate of depression disorder has clearly increased with the increase in HF manifestations in recent decades. Depression disorder is considered an independent predisposing factor for hospitalization, disturbed functional performance, and high rates of morbidity and mortality in HF patients. This randomized controlled study was designed to examine the impacts of low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on depression status in patients with systolic congestive HF. METHODS: A total of 46 systolic congestive HF patients with depression (40-60 years of age) were randomized to receive twelve weeks of mild- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus standard medical treatment (exercise group) or standard medical treatment without any exercise intervention (control group). Depression status was examined using the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) pre- and post-intervention at the end of the study program. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the exercise and control groups in demographic data or clinical characteristics (p>0.05). Both study groups showed a significant reduction in depression status at the end of the 12-week intervention (p<0.05). The comparison between the mean values of the depression scores showed significant differences between the two groups after 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention, indicating a greater reduction in depression scores in the exercise group than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of a low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program was safe and effective for reducing depression severity in patients with systolic congestive HF. Low- to moderate-intensity aerobic training should be recommended for cardiac patients, particularly those with HF-related depression.

Effect of NPK, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Herb Yield, Oil Production and Anatomical Structure of (Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf) Plant

This study was carried out at the Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, in Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016. The experiment was designed using a complete randomized blocks design. Eco-friendly agriculture has its priority for safe products, so the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bio fertilizers (Nitrobien and Phosphorien) at 1, 2 and 4 g/plant, compost and poultry manure at the rates of 5, 10 and 15 ton/ feddan (feddan= 4200 m2) as alternative to NPK (recommended dose), on growth and anatomical characters of Cymbopogon citratusplants. The results showed that the highest number of tillers per plant (49.07) and leaf area (83.99 cm2) obtained by the high rate of poultry treatment (15 ton/feddan) at the second cut in the second season. Thus the result obtained showed that the organic fertilizers had a better effect on total herb fresh and dry weights per plant than bio fertilizer treatments. The poultry manure at the rate of 10 ton/feddan resulted in the maximum total herb fresh yield with value 56.53 ton per feddan and total herb dry yield with value 16.94 ton per feddan, in the second season. The essential oil production per feddan at the first cut (in August) was more than at the second cut (in October) in both seasons. The highest oil yield per feddan was recorded in the second season by the poultry manure at the rate of 10 ton/feddan with values 82.26 and 51.85 l/feddan at the first and second cut, respectively. The anatomical study showed that the best thickness of the leaf sheath at the midrib region was due to treating the lemongrass plants by poultry at the rate of 10 ton/feddan. The increasing ratio was 16.7% compared to control. This treatment showed the best results in the total number of vascular bundles, in addition to the No. of large bundles and their dimensions. From these results, it could be recommended that poultry manure was the best treatment for lemongrass growth and getting highly clean yield.

Bougainvillea spectabilis flowers extract protects against the rotenone-induced toxicity

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of two extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis (B. spectabilis) flowers with yellow and pink/purple on brain oxidative stress and neuronal damage caused in rats by systemic rotenone injection.@*METHODS@#Rotenone 1.5 mg/kg was given three times per week alone or in combination with B. spectabilis flowers extracts (25 mg or 50 mg) via the subcutaneous route for 2 weeks. Brain concentrations of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, nitric oxide (nitrite), the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (Il-1β) as well as butyrylcholinesterase, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities, were determined. Histopathology and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were also performed.@*RESULTS@#Rotenone resulted in significant increases of brain MDA (the product of lipid peroxidation), and nitric oxide content along with decreased brain reduced glutathione. There were also marked and significant inhibition of brain PON-1 and BChE activities and increased Il-1β in brain of rotenone-treated rats. B. spectabilis flowers extract itself resulted in brain oxidative stress increasing both lipid peroxidation and nitrite content whilst inhibiting PON-1 activity. The yellow flowers extract inhibited BChE activity and increased brain Il-1β. When given to rotenone-treated rats, B. spectabilis extracts, however, decreased lipid peroxidation while their low administered doses increased brain GSH. Brain nitrite decreased by the pink extract but showed further increase by the yellow extract. Either extract, however, caused further inhibition of PON-1 activity while the yellow extract resulted in further inhibition of BChE activity. Histopathological studies indicated that both extracts protected against brain, liver and kidney damage caused by the toxicant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These data indicate that B. spectabilis flowers extracts exert protective effect against the toxic effects of rotenone on brain, liver and kidney. B. spectabilis flowers extracts decreased brain lipid peroxidation and prevented neuronal death due to rotenone and might thus prove the value in treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Bougainvillea spectabilis flowers extract protects against the rotenone-induced toxicity

Objective To investigate the effect of two extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis (B. spectabilis) flowers with yellow and pink/purple on brain oxidative stress and neuronal damage caused in rats by systemic rotenone injection. Methods Rotenone 1.5 mg/kg was given three times per week alone or in combination with B. spectabilis flowers extracts (25 mg or 50 mg) via the subcutaneous route for 2 weeks. Brain concentrations of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, nitric oxide (nitrite), the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (Il-1β) as well as butyrylcholinesterase, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities, were determined. Histopathology and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were also performed. Results Rotenone resulted in significant increases of brain MDA (the product of lipid peroxidation), and nitric oxide content along with decreased brain reduced glutathione. There were also marked and significant inhibition of brain PON-1 and BChE activities and increased Il-1β in brain of rotenone-treated rats. B. spectabilis flowers extract itself resulted in brain oxidative stress increasing both lipid peroxidation and nitrite content whilst inhibiting PON-1 activity. The yellow flowers extract inhibited BChE activity and increased brain Il-1β. When given to rotenone-treated rats, B. spectabilis extracts, however, decreased lipid peroxidation while their low administered doses increased brain GSH. Brain nitrite decreased by the pink extract but showed further increase by the yellow extract. Either extract, however, caused further inhibition of PON-1 activity while the yellow extract resulted in further inhibition of BChE activity. Histopathological studies indicated that both extracts protected against brain, liver and kidney damage caused by the toxicant. Conclusions These data indicate that B. spectabilis flowers extracts exert protective effect against the toxic effects of rotenone on brain, liver and kidney. B. spectabilis flowers extracts decreased brain lipid peroxidation and prevented neuronal death due to rotenone and might thus prove the value in treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Effect of sildenafil citrate on the outcome of in vitro fertilization after multiple IVF failures attributed to poor endometrial development: a randomized controlled trial

Aim of the work: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil citrate on endometrial development in women with history of recurrent implantation failure after IVF

Setting: this study was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department of Ain Shams University

Patients and methods: this is a randomized controlled trial on 80 women with previous two or more failed IVF. Women in group A [N=40] took oral sildenafil citrate at dose 25mg tab /6h daily from day six of induction of ovulation until day of HCG administration; while those in group B [N=40] took placebo tablets

Outcome measuers: the primary outcome was change in endometrial thickness before and after intervention

Results: endometrial thickness in both groups was statistically insignificant between the two groups when measured in day 6 with p-value 0.070.Endometrial thickness on day of HMG injection measured and found that it was higher in group A[Sildenafil Group] than group B[Placebo Group] with significantly increased statistically difference between the two groups with p-value <0.001

Conclusion: sildenafil citrate leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. This may enhance endometrial development and increased pregnancy rate in females undergoing IVF which may be attributed to the increase in the endometrial thickness

The relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, body mass index, and academic stress in Bahraini University students

BACKGROUND: There are many mechanisms in which stress can lead to weight gain thus high a BMI. The endocrine and inflammatory pathway can directly increase abdominal adiposity. Another way in which stress leads to weight gain is through changes in health behaviors. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among healthy students of Ahlia University, and to determine the relationship between the development of MSDs and academic stressors and body mass index. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 94 students aged 18-26 years who were enrolled at various Ahlia University colleges and met other inclusion criteria. The students responded to the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and the modified College Student Stress Inventory regarding musculoskeletal symptoms and academic stressors. Height and weight measurements were also obtained to determine body mass index. RESULTS: A total of 77.66% reported MSDs in one or more body part, with the prevalence being higher among women than among men. The 7-day prevalence of MSDs severe enough to interfere with activities of daily living was 60.64%, and 44.68% by female and male students, respectively. There was a significant relationship between academic stress and MSDs in the neck, shoulders, lower back, and hips, while the relationship between MSDs, and body mass index, academic stress, and grade point average was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MSDs among Ahlia University students was found to be high. Apart from the positive correlation between academic stress and MSDs in certain body parts, other correlations were not significant.

prevalence of celiac disease in patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome

Background and study aims: the clinical presentation of coeliac disease can vary from a classical malabsorption syndrome to more subtle atypical gastrointestinal manifestations similar to irritable bowel syndrome [IBS]. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of coeliac disease in Egyptian patients with clinically diagnosed diarrhoea-predominant IBS [according to Rome III criteria]

Patients and methods: this study was conducted on 100 patients with clinically diagnosed diarrhoea-predominant IBS [fulfilling Rome III criteria]. They were subjected to complete clinical evaluation, routine laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasonography and serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody [anti-tTG] test as a predictor marker for coeliac disease. All patients who tested positive for serum anti-tTG underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with four to eight biopsy sample collected from the second part of the duodenum

Results: all of the studied 100 patients presented with abdominal pain or discomfort, flatulence and diarrhoea. Eight patients [8%] exhibited high levels of serum anti-tTG, and their duodenal biopsy samples satisfied the histopathological criteria of coeliac disease. The studied patients were divided into two group: Group I comprising 92 patients with IBS and negative anti-tTG results and Group II comprising eight patients with IBS and positive anti-tTG results. A non-significant difference was noted between the two groups in age, gender and duration of abdominal pain [p>0.05]. The haemoglobin level was found to be significantly reduced in anti-tTG-positive patients [p<0.01], as was the Na level in anti-tTG-negative patients [p<0.05]. A highly statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between anti-tTG and both serum total protien and serum albumin

Conclusion: some symptoms overlap between coeliac disease and IBS. A lack of awareness may lead to a diagnostic delay in these patients

Histological, histochemical and immunohistological comparative study between Ranitidine and Rebamipide in Gastric Mucosal protection after Dexamethasone induced injury in adult male albino rats

Background: Gastritis can be caused by many factors, one of them is drugs, and among these drugs is dexamethasone that has many uses in medicine. Dexamethasone prevent synthesis of gastric mucous barrier by surface epithelial cells, so the stomach wall will be injured by digestive enzymes and stomach HCl. Treatment of gastritis can be done by antisecretory drugs like H2 receptors blocker as ranitidine or by drugs that stimulate prostaglandins synthesize by surface epithelial cells of gastric mucosa to form the mucous barrier like rebamipide

Aim of the work: Comparison between ranitidine and rebamipide to detect which mechanism is better in gastric mucosal protection after dexamethasone administration

Material and methods: Twenty male albino rats were included in this study, they were divided into four groups, control group, dexamethasone administrated group, dexamethasone and ranitidine administrated group, dexamethasone and rebamipide administrated group, each group contained five rats. The examined samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, PAS and Alcian blue stains and TdT reaction, all of the results were statistically analyzed

Results: The result showed improvement of the gastric mucosa by using both of ranitidine and rebamipide as protective agents against injury induced by dexamethasone but the improvement was better in the group that was administrated rebamipide as indicated by better number of healthy cells, low numbers of damaged cells and better formed mucous barrier

Conclusion: The drug that stimulates mucous barrier formation is better than antisecretory drug in gastric mucosa protection

In vitro antiviral and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina platensis extract.

Spirulina platensis are filamentous, undifferentiated, non-toxigenic cyanobacteria that have been used as food since ancient times. There have been numerous studies on its antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. In this study antibacterial and antiviral effect of ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis were tested. The reduction of infectious viral units after treatment with ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis was tested. Non toxic doses of Spirulina platensis revealed 53.3%, 66.7%, 76.7%, 56.7%, and 50% reductions in vitro for infectious units of adenovirus type 7, Coxsackievirus B4, astrovirus type 1, rotavirus Wa strain, and adenovirus type 40 respectively. Using disc diffusion method to show the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis against different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Enterococcus faecalis) in addition to Candida albicans, inhibition zones were observed with Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Isolation and identification of main mastitis pathogens in Mexico / Isolação e identificação dos micróbios patogênicos principais da mastite em México

The present work is a large epidemiological study aiming to detect the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to investigate the major udder pathogens in Jalisco State, western Mexico. For this purpose, 2205 dairy cows, representing 33 Mexican dairy herds, were involved. Of 2205 cows, 752 mastitic animals were diagnosed and only 2,979 milk samples could be obtained for further investigation. All 2979 milk samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) to differentiate clinical cases from subclinical ones where 1996 samples (67 %) reacted positively. Of these, 1087 samples (54.5%) came from cows suffering from clinical cases of mastitis. Bacteriological identification of the causative agents revealed the presence of a major group of pathogens including the Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), S.aureus, S.agalactiae, Corynebacterium spp. and Coliform bacteria which were detected in 464 (15.6%), 175 (5.9%), 200 (6.8%), 417 (14%) and 123 (4.1%) of the 2927 investigated quarters, 295 (15.4%), 118 (15.7%), 111 (14.8%), 227 (30.2%) and 109 (14.5%) of the 752 examined cows and in 33 (100%), 22 (66.7%), 19 (57.6%), 30 (90.1%) and 27 (81.8%) of the 33 herds involved, respectively. Other pathogens could be detected in the investigated milk samples such as S. dysgalactiae (0.4%), S.uberis (0.37%), Bacillus spp. (1%), Nocardia spp. (0.6%) und Candida spp. (0.1%). Meanwhile, others were present in a negligible ratio; including the Aerococcus viridans, and Enterococcus spp., Lactococcus lactis, S. bovis.

O trabalho atual é um estudo epidemiológico que objetiva detectar a predominância da mastite subclínica e investigar os micróbios patogênicos principais do úbere no México ocidental. Com esta finalidade, foram utilizadas 2205 vacas leiteiras, representando 33 rebanhos de leiteiras mexicanas. Além dessas 2205 vacas, 752 animais com mastite foram diagnosticados, considerando-se que somente 2979 amostras do leite poderiam ser obtidas para a posterior investigação. Todas as 2979 amostras do leite foram submetidas ao teste da mastite de Califórnia (CMT) para diferenciar casos clínicos dos subclínicos, visto que 1996 amostras (67%) reagiram positivamente. Além dessas, 1087 amostras (54.5%) vieram das vacas que sofrem de casos clínicos de mastite. A identificação bacteriológica dos agentes causais revelou a presença dos Staphylococcus negativos para coagulase (CNS), S. aureus, S. agalactiae, outros spp. Streptococcal, Corynebacterium spp., e as bactérias de coliformes foram detectadas em 464 (15.6%), 175 (5.9%), 200 (6.8%), 109 (3.9%), 417 (14%) e em 123 (4.1%) dos 2927 quartos investigados; em 295 (15.4%), 118 (15.7%), 111 (14.8%), 95 (12.6%), 227 (30.2%) e em 109 (14.5%) das 752 vacas examinadas e, finalmente, em 33 (100%), 22 (66.7%), 19 (57.6%), 30 (90.1%), 30 (90.1%) e em 27 (81.8%) dos 33 rebanhos envolvidos, respectivamente.

Clinical and biomechanical evaluation of three bioscaffold augmentation devices used for superficial digital flexor tenorrhaphy in donkeys [Equus asinus]: An experimental study

The present study was designed to carry out an in vivo and in vitro comparative evaluation of three bio-scaffold augmentation devices used for superficial digital flexor tenorrhaphy in donkeys. Twenty-four clinically healthy donkeys were assigned for three treatment trials [n = 8] using one of three bioscaffold materials [glycerolized bovine pericardium xenograft, tendon allograft and allograft shielding with glycerolized by bovine pericardium]. In addition, eight clinically healthy donkeys were selected to serve as control. Clinical signs of each animal were scored and the sum of all clinical indexes was calculated at each time point of the experiment. Four donkeys from each group were euthanized at 45 and 90 days postoperatively, respectively, for biomechanical and histopathological evaluation of treated superficial digital flexor tendon [SDFT]. The failure stress in allograft shielding group significantly increased compared to the corresponding values of the other groups at 45 [62.7 +/- 6.5 N mm[-2] and 90 [88.8 +/- 3.5 N mm[-2] days postoperatively. The fetlock angle in the allograft shielding group at both 45 [112.8[degree] +/- 4.4] and 90 [123.8[degree] +/- 1.1] days postoperatively showed a significant increase [p < 0.05] relative to the values of the other groups and a significant decrease [p < 0.05] when compared to normal angle [125[degree] +/- 0]. However, the histomorphological finding srevealed no remarkable changes between the treatment groups. In conclusion, the failure stress, fetlock angle and histomorphological findings may provide useful information about the healing characteristics of SDFT tenorrhaphy. The bio-scaffold augmentation devices, either xenogenic or allogenic, provide good alternative techniques accelerating SDFT healing with minimal adhesions in donkeys

Effect of ofloxacin on the cartilage of the knee joint of juvenile rats

Ofloxacin is one of fluoroquinolones derivatives, which has a broad spectrum bacterial activity. It is contraindicated in children and adolescents because of its potential chondotoxicity in juveniles. However, fluoroquinolones continue to be prescribed as a drug of choice for treatment of some life threatening diseases in pediatrics. This study was conducted to examine the effect of ofloxacin on cartilage of juvenile rats by light and electron microscopes. Twenty newborn albino rats were treated with an oral dose of 900 mg/kg/day of ofloxacin for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed after the completion of the administration and the knee joints were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Morphometric study and statistical analysis of the results were also performed. The lesions were demonstrated in the articular cartilage of all the animals. Fissures, chondrtocyte clusters and wide area of matrix devoid of cells in the intermediate zone were observed. The surface of the premature articular cartilage of the femur was irregular. The matrix of the articular cartilage showed less staining with toluidine blue and masson trichrome. Electron microscopic results showed separation between chondrocyte cell membrane and the matrix. The chondrocytes were necrotic with pyknotic nuclei and vacuolation of their cytoplasm. There were electron dense aggregates on the cell membrane and inside the cells. The thickness of the premature articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage were significantly decreased. The numbers of chondrocytes of the premature articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage were significantly decreased. The numbers of chondrocytes of the premature articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage were significantly decreased

Acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Pomposia) against Tetranychus urticae Koch

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) (Pomposia) againsst Tetranychus urticae Koch (T. urticae) and the biochemical changes in antioxidants enzymes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six extracts of S. cumini (Pomposia) at concentrations of 75, 150 and 300µg/mL were used to control T. urticae (Koch).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ethanol extract showed the most efficient acaricidal activity agent against T. urticae (98.5%) followed by hexane extract (94.0%), ether and ethyl acetate extract (90.0%). The LC50 values of the promising extract were 85.0, 101.0, 102.0 and 98.0µg/mL, respectively. The activities of enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in susceptible mites were increased. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes reach the maximum value in mites at LC50 with ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The extract of S. cumini has acaricidal acivity against T. urticae, and the ethanol extract is the most efficient.</p>

Some optimal culture conditions for production of cyclosporin a by Fusarium roseum

A suitable chemically defined culture medium was selected and some optimal conditions for the production of the highly immunosuppressive compound, cyclosporin A (Cyc A) are reported. Medium of the following composition was favorable for the production of Cyc A by Fusarium roseum: glucose, 30; NaNO3, 2; KH2PO4, 1; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5 and KCL, 0.5 (g/l). Maximum productivity of Cyc A was achieved at pH 6.0 when 50 ml of the fermentation medium/250 ml flask, inoculated with five fungal agar discs (6 mm, diameter) of 7-days old F. roseum culture after incubation at 30 ºC at 120 rpm for 7 days.

Facial measurements of Assiut children aged 6-11 years

The aim of the present study is to investigate changes in the facial measurements of Assiut children at the selected ages. A total of 300 healthy child aged 6-11 years old participated in the study; they were taken from primary schools in Assiut City. Children were divided into 6 age groups; each age group included 50 children [25 boys and 25 girls]. Each child was subjected to the following measurements: facial height, upper facial height, lower facial height, upper facial width, lower facial width, maxillary facial depth and mandibular facial depth.. Results reveal that all facial parameters of boys are significantly higher than that of girls at all ages, but girls tend to grow faster than boys. It is also evident that most of facial parameters are correlated with each other. The pattern of facial growth of children in Assiut City indicates leptoprosopic [narrow] face type

Anthropometric study of head measurements of children in Assiut city

The aim of the present study is to detect any existence of a relationship between the different cranial parameters during growth of children at the selected ages. A total of 300 healthy children aged 6-11 years participated in the study; they were taken from primary schools in Assiut City. Children were divided into 6 age groups; each age group included 50 children [25 boys and 25 girls]. Each child was subjected to the following measurements: head circumference, head length, head width, forehead width, head height and auricular height. Results revealed that all cranial parameters of boys were obviously higher than that of girls at all ages, but girls tend to grow faster than boys. It is also evident that head circumference correlated with head length at ages of 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 years. It is also correlated with head width at 6, 7, 9 and 10 years of age. In addition to that, the head length and head width were correlated with each other at 7, 9 and 10 years of age. This indicates that the increase in head circumference could be attributed mainly to the increase in both head length and head width. The pattern of head growth of children in Assiut City indicates mesocephalic [intermediate] head type

Syphilitic arteritis involving the origin of the cervical internal carotid artery

We report a case of meningovascular syphilis in a young adult woman presenting with left hemiparesis due to near occlusion of proximal cervical internal carotid with subacute middle cerebral artery territory infarction. Diagnosis was made on the basis of positive serum, and spinal fluid serology for syphilis, carotid Doppler, and magnetic resonance angiography, as well as improvement after intravenous penicillin therapy. In this case report, the imaging findings were described and related literature was reviewed