ABSTRACT
Objectives: This Study investigates the impact of neurofeedback on perceptual-motor skills of 5 to 12 years old children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder [ADHD]
Methods: In this clinical Study, 40 children between the ages of 5-12 years, who were patients of the Tavanesh Clinic and diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly chosen and divided into two groups of control and test. 20-neurofeedback intervention sessions were performed The tools utilized in this Study included Bruninks-Oseretsky Tesl of Motor Proficiency and Child behavior checklist [CBCL] survey questionnaire. For evaluation after the intervention, Bruninks-Oseretsky TeSt of Motor Proficiency scale for children, along with CBCL questionnaire surveys were asked to fill up by the participants' mothers
Results: After the intervention, the analysis of the scores in all perceptual-motor skills showed significant differences in both groups, but no significant difference was observed in the subteSt of Strength. The CBCL survey questionnaire revealed that the average scores on attention disorder, aggression, lack of attention and hyperactivity, externalizing and general problems in the test group is significantly less than that of the control group. However, in the confrontational behavior [internalization], there was no Statistically significant difference between the test and control groups
There was a correlation between the change of motor skills and change of behavioral patterns in ADHD children
Discussion: Neurofeedback intervention can have positive effects on improving the perceptual-motor skills of children with ADHD
ABSTRACT
The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A [BTX-A] injection in the hamstring and calf muscles with and without ankle serial casting in the improvement of gait in children with cerebral palsy [CP]. This double-blind prospective clinical trial was performed on 25, 2 to 8-year-old children with hemiplegic or diplegic CP in Tehran, Iran in 2010. The participants were chosen by simple randomized sampling and were matched for age, gross motor function classification system [GMFCS] and type of CP and were randomly divided into two groups: children in the first group [13] only received BTX-A injection, but the second group [12] received BTX-A and serial foot casting starting one week after the injection. Comparison of the gross motor function, right and left knee spasticities and passive ROM of both knees between the two groups before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the injections were not statistically significant [P>0.1]. Furthermore, comparison of the right and left ankle spasticities and passive ROM before the injections and in1 and 3-month follow-ups did not show a statistically significant difference [P>0.1], but the differences were significant in 6 and 12-month follow-ups [P<0.05]. BTX-A injection with serial foot casting vs. BTX-A alone was more effective in decreasing spasticity and improving passive ROM in the ankle of children with CP, but such injections in the hamstrings were not useful in these regards