Butterfly Diversity and Status in Mandagadde of Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

Biodiversity of butterflies in Mandagadde of Shivamogga of Karnataka carried out. Many butterfly species are strictly seasonal and prefer only a particular set of habitats and they are good indicators in terms of anthropogenic disturbances and habitat destruction. The richness and diversity of butterfly species is proportional to the food plant diversity, richness of flowers and intensity of rainfall. Unfortunately, butterflies are threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation almost everywhere. A total of 52 species of butterflies belonging to 5 families were recorded during the study period. Among the 5 families, Nymphalidae dominated the list with 23 species, Paplionidae with 9 species, Pieridae and Lycaenidae with 8 species each and Hesperidae with 4 species. It is found that 9 species of butterflies are very common, 26 species are common and 17 species are rare in occurrence in Mandagadde.

Seasonal Changes of Protein in The Tissues of Male Catfish Mystus Cavasius (HAM) in Bhadra Reservoir, Karnataka, India.

Biochemical constituents of body of the freshwater fish Mystus cavasius were greatly influenced by the breeding activity. Protein was estimated from testes, liver and muscle at different breeding phases. There was an increase in protein levels of testes during maturation of testes was observed and it was related to simultaneous decrease in the liver and muscle. While in immature and preparatory stage, it was found to be the storage phase of protein in muscle and liver. Depletion of protein in muscle and liver and is transferred to testes during maturation has been found to be significant.