ABSTRACT
Objective: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy in moderately compensated and decompensated type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and periodontal disease were selected and divided into two groups (based on HbA1c level): Group 1: Moderately compensated; Group 2: Decompensated. The analyses including clinical periodontal parameters and the quantification of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), the IL1-β expression in the GCF and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose (FG) from venous blood were performed at 0, 3, and 6 months. Results: Both groups presented improvement in all clinical periodontal parameters as well as quantification of gingival crevicular fluid and in the expression of IL-1ß present in the fluid after 6 months. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the levels of HbA1C in the group 1 after 6 months, although a significant increase was found after six months in the group 2. While in relation to the FG, a great improvement was found in the group 1 and a significant increase in the group 2 after six months. Conclusions: It was possible to observe that conventional periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) is more effective for moderately compensated type 2 diabetic patients’ glycemic control rather than for the decompensated patients.
ABSTRACT
O Seio Frontal está localizado no osso Frontal, em uma região muito importante da face. É uma cavidade óssea pneumática, que tem forma triangular, com a maior porção no assoalho da órbita. Cerca de 4% da população não apresenta o Seio Frontal. As fraturas do Seio Frontal são originadas a partir de acidentes de grande intensidade, como os causados por acidentes com veículos automotores ou agressões importantes e normalmente estão associadas às fraturas de terço médio da face, principalmete as do complexo Naso-orbito-Etmoidal e as do complexo Zigomático. Esse tipo de fratura representa de 5 a 15% de todas as fraturas da face, podendo causar transtornos funcionais e estéticos muito importantes ao paciente, com alguns sinais e sintomas característicos. Exames complementares são fundamentais para o correto diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico. Vários tratamentos têm sido propostos, de acordo com a classificação das fraturas. Dentre os acessos mais utilizados, estão o acesso coronal, acesso transcutâneo e endoscopia. Todos têm excelentes resultados, quando bem indicados, devendo-se respeitar a técnica cirúrgica adequada, a expectativa e o grau de cooperação do paciente, a possibilidade de acompanhamento pós-operatório para proservação e conclusão do caso clínico de maneira satisfatória.
The frontal sinus is located in the frontal bone in an important region of the face. It is a pneumatic triangular-shaped bone cavity, the largest portion of which is on the floor of the orbit. About 4% of the population do not have a frontal sinus. Frontal sinus fractures are caused by accidents of great intensity, such as those caused by cars or physical aggression and are usually associated with fractures of the midface, particularly the naso-orbit-ethmoid and zygomatic complex. This kind of fracture, which has a number of characteristic signs and symptoms, represents 5 to 15% of all facial fractures, and can cause the patient very severe aesthetic and functional disorders. Investigations are essential for an accurate diagnosis and surgical planning. Several treatments have been proposed, according to the classification of the fractures. The main approaches to this fracture are the coronal and transcutaneous and endoscopy. All have excellent results when well indicated, with due consideration for the correct surgical technique, the expectation of success, the degree of cooperation of the patient and the possibility of postoperative follow-up to preservation and conclusion of the clinical case satisfactorily.