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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 42(2): 214-217, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089244

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the association between childhood trauma (CT) and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) during crack-cocaine withdrawal. Method: Thirty-three male crack-cocaine users were recruited at admission to a public addiction treatment unit. Serum BDNF and TBARS levels were evaluated at intake and discharge. Information about drug use was assessed by the Addiction Severity Index-6th Version (ASI-6); CT was reported throughout the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). CTQ scores were calculated based on a latent analysis model that divided the sample into low-, medium-, and high-level trauma groups. Results: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels from admission to discharge, which did not differ across CT subgroups. For TBARS levels, we found a significant time vs. trauma interaction (F2,28 = 6.357, p = 0.005,ηp 2 = 0.312). In participants with low trauma level, TBARS decreased, while in those with a high trauma level, TBARS increased during early withdrawal. Conclusion: TBARS levels showed opposite patterns of change in crack-cocaine withdrawal according to baseline CT. These results suggest that CT could be associated with more severe neurological impairment during withdrawal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/blood , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy , Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events/psychology , Crack Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders/blood
2.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(1): 86-91, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099407

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To investigate the 5-year prevalence of patients admitted to public inpatient care units due to a mental disorder, stratifying them by age group and diagnosis, and to assess trends of admissions over this time period in Porto Alegre. Methods All admissions to the public mental health care system regulated by the city-owned electronic system Administração Geral dos Hospitais (AGHOS) were included in the analysis. The total population size was obtained by estimations of Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE). General information about 5-year prevalence of inpatient admissions, time-series trends e prevalence by age groups and diagnosis were presented. Results There were 32,608 admissions over the 5-year period analyzed. The overall prevalence of patients was 1.62% among the total population, 0.01% among children, 1.12% among adolescents, 2.28% among adults and 0.93% among the elderly. The most common diagnosis was drug-related, followed by mood, alcohol-related and psychotic disorders. There was a linear trend showing an increase in the number of admissions from 2013 to the midst of 2014, which dropped in 2015. Conclusions Admissions due to mental disorders are relatively common, mainly among adults and related to drug use and mood disorders. Time trends varied slightly over the 5 years. Prevalence rates in real-world settings might be useful for policymakers interested in planning the public mental health system in large Brazilian cities.


Resumo Objetivos Investigar a prevalência de 5 anos de pacientes internados no sistema público de saúde por motivo de saúde mental, estratificando-os por grupo etário e diagnóstico, e avaliar tendências temporais nas admissões nesse período em Porto Alegre. Métodos Todas as admissões no sistema público de saúde mental reguladas pelo sistema eletrônico da cidade, denominado Administração Geral dos Hospitais (AGHOS), foram incluídos na análise. A população total foi obtida a partir de estimativas da Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE). Informações gerais sobre a prevalência de 5 anos de admissões, tendências das séries temporais e prevalência por grupo etário e por diagnóstico foram apresentadas. Resultados Ocorreram 32.608 admissões no período de 5 anos analisado. A prevalência global de pacientes foi de 1,62% na população total, 0,01% em crianças, 1,12% em adolescentes, 2,28% em adultos e 0,93% em idosos. Os diagnósticos mais comuns foram relacionados ao uso de drogas, seguidos de transtornos de humor, relacionados ao álcool e transtornos psicóticos. Houve uma tendência linear mostrando um aumento no número de admissões de 2013 a meados de 2014, que caíram em 2015. Conclusões Admissões por transtornos mentais são relativamente comuns, principalmente entre adultos e relacionados ao uso de drogas e transtornos de humor. Tendências lineares variaram levemente nos últimos 5 anos. Estimativas de prevalência no mundo real podem ser úteis para formuladores de políticas interessados em planejar o sistema público de saúde mental em grandes cidades brasileiras.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Mood Disorders/therapy , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/therapy
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 66(5): 297-303, set.-out. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481147

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Descrever e analisar a prevalência de erros refrativos em estudantes de primeira série das escolas estaduais de Passo Fundo, cidade pólo da região Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 1608 alunos da primeira série do ensino fundamental de 26 escolas estaduais de Passo Fundo, atendidas em 2004. Os dados foram coletados no CEAE (Centro Especializado de Assistência ao Educando), que fez a triagem nas escolas, e no serviço especializado, para onde foram encaminhados aqueles com testes alterados. RESULTADOS: Da amostra total, 172 (10,88 por cento) apresentaram baixa de acuidade visual ou algum sintoma de problema visual, recebendo encaminhamento para atendimento oftalmológico. Apenas 88 (51,16 por cento) dos encaminhados compareceram à consulta. A média de idade foi de 7,10 anos (DP= 1,38). Entre as crianças examinadas, 70,46 por cento possuíam algum erro refracional, sendo a hipermetropia e o astigmatismo os mais comuns (encontrado em 45,45 por cento e 10,23 por cento dos alunos examinados, respectivamente). A miopia foi o erro refracional menos prevalente, presente em 10,23 por cento dos escolares atendidos. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou prevalência de 3,92 por cento de erros refrativos na população de escolares estudada, embora a abstenção elevada possa estar subestimando esse percentual. Percebe-se a necessidade da realização de programas que enfoquem uma maior adesão dos alunos ao encaminhamento, na tentativa de evitar o não diagnóstico de problemas oculares facilmente tratáveis na infância.


OBJECTIVES: To describe and analyze the prevalence of refractive errors among first-graders in state schools of Passo Fundo, main city of the northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul State. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1608 first-graders in 26 elementary state schools of Passo Fundo, evaluated in 2004. The data were collected by the CEAE (Specialized Center for Student Assistance), which was in charge of the screening at the schools, and by the specialized service, to which those students with abnormal test results were referred. RESULTS: 172 (10.88 percent) of the sampled individuals showed poor visual acuity or some symptoms of visual disorders, and were then referred for specialized ophthalmic examination. However, only 88 (51.16 percent) of the referred patients turned up for the examination. The mean age was 7.10 years (DP= 1,38). Among all evaluated, 70,46 percent of them had some refractive disorder, of wich hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent ones, having been reported in 45.45 percent and 10.23 percent of the children, respectively. The myopia were the less frequent refractive disorder, reported in 10,23 percent of the school children who turned up for examination. CONCLUSION: The study showed a prevalence of 3,92 percent of refractive errors in the population studied, although the high abstention can be underestimating this percentage. We can realize, from that on, the need of the creation of programs focused in a bigger adhesion of the students to the reference to a specialized service, in the attempt of avoiding the lack of diagnosis of easily treatable disorders in childhood.

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