ABSTRACT
Caracterizar el nivel de la coordinación motora (CoM) y determinar la infl uencia de la edad, sexo, estatus socioeconómico y de la adiposidad subcutánea en la CoM de escolares peruanos de seis a los once años de edad. El tamaño de la muestra comprendió a 4,007 niños (mujeres= 1889; varones= 2118) de escuelas del área metropolitana de Lima, Perú. La CoM fue determinado a través de la batería de pruebas KTK (Kiphard y Schilling, 1974) que comprende cuatropruebas: equilibrio a la retaguardia (ER), saltos laterales (SL), saltos monopedales (SM) y transposición lateral (TL). La adiposidad subcutánea fue establecida a partir de la suma de los pliegues cutáneos del tríceps, subescapular y pantorrilla. El estatuto socioeconómico (ESE) fue evaluado según la localización física de cada escuela (tipo de vecindad). Los análisisestadísticos exploratorios, descriptivos e inferenciales (ANOVA II así como modelos lineales de regresión) fueron realizados en SPSS 15. Existen incrementos significativos de valores medios de las pruebas de KTK en ambos sexos y a lo largo de la edad. Los niños con adiposidad elevada presentan rendimientos inferiores en todas las pruebas. Los niños superan a las niñas. El ESE alto presenta una influencia mayor sólo en la prueba de SM, y el ESE bajo ha demostrado ser relevanteen la ejecución de ER. Conclusiones - La CoM es altamente específica a cada género. El nivel de adiposidad presenta una influencia negativa en cada prueba de coordinación, también en la coordinación total. El ESE no parece ser un predictor concluyente de la coordinación motora en niños.
The objective of this study was to describe motor coordination (CoM) levels, in addition to the infl uence of age, socioeconomic status (SES), sex and subcutaneous adiposity on the CoM of Peruvian children aged six to eleven years. The sample size was 4007 children (n=1889 females; n=2118 males) from several schools in the metropolitan area of Lima, Peru. CoM was assessed with the KTK (Kiphard and Schilling, 1974) test battery that includes 4 tests: balancing backward (BB), hopping on one leg (HO), jumping sideways (JS) and shifting platforms (SP). Subcutaneous adiposity included the sum of several skinfolds: triceps, subscapular and calf. Socioeconomic status (SES) was evaluated according to the physical location of each school (type of neighborhood). Exploratory, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (ANOVA II as well as regression linear models) were performed using SPSS 15. Signifi cant increases in mean values of CoM were observed in both sexes and across age. Children with high adiposity exhibited lower performance in all tests. Boys outperformed girls. High SES has a greater infl uence only on HO, and a low SES proved relevant to BB performance. It can be concluded that CoM is highly specifi c to each gender. Body fat levels have a negative infl uence on each coordination test, as well as on overall coordination. SES does not seem to be a conclusive predictor of motor coordination in children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adipose Tissue , Psychomotor Performance , Skinfold Thickness , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Documentar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de 6 a 11 años de edad, y determinarla influencia del nivel socioeconómico y de la actividad física sobre ellos. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 4191 niños de siete instituciones educativas de Lima Este. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron determinados a través del índice de masa corporal, los niveles de actividad física fueron evaluados a partir del cuestionario de Godin y Shephard y la caracterización del nivel socioeconómico (NSE) fue según la escuela donde cursaban estudios. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 22 y 7 por ciento respectivamente, 32,9 por ciento de los escolares fueron consideradoscomo poco activos. Los escolares de NSE alto tienen mayor riesgo de presentar sobrepeso (OR: 3,9; IC95 por ciento: 3,1- 4,9) o ser obesos (OR: 11,5; IC95 por ciento: 7,3-18,2)independientemente de la edad, sexo y nivel de actividad física. No se encontróasociación entre los niveles de actividad física y el sobrepeso u obesidad. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad que se encontró refuerza la preocupación mundial con la obesidad infantil y sus consecuencias en el futuro. Los factores más influyentes para el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron el NSE, edad y sexo. La actividad física no presenta ninguna asociación significativa.
Objectives: To document the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as to determine the influence of socioeconomicstatus and physical activity levels in body mass index (BMI) of school students aged 6 to 11 years. Material and methods: Be evaluated 4191 children of seven educational institutions of East Lima. Overweight and obesity were assessed by BMI, physical activity levels were evaluated from a questionnaire developed by Godin and Shephard, and for the characterization of socioeconomic status (SES) we used as criteria the school where subjects study. Results: Theprevalence of overweight and obesity was 22 percentage and 7 percentage, respectively, 32,9 percentage of children were considered as little active.The students of higher SES have a great risk of developing overweight (OR: 3,9; 95CI: 3,1- 4,9) or obesity (OR: 11,5;CI95: 7,3-18,2) adjusted to age, sex and physical activity level. No significant association was found between physicalactivity levels and overweight or obesity. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found reinforce the world concern with infantile obesity and its consequences in the future. The most influential factors of overweight and obesity were SES, age and sex. Physical activity doesnÆt present any significant association.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Female , Motor Activity , Social Conditions , Obesity , Prevalence , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como principal objectivo inventariar o padrão da actividade física habitual de criança sem contexto escolar. O estudo foi realizado com crianças do 4° ano do ensino básico em duas escolas do Município de Vila Nova de Gaia/Portugal, com uma amostra constituída por 49 crianças de ambos os sexos, comidade média de 10 anos. O instrumento utilizado foi o acelerómetro portátil (Tritrac-R3D), colocado na cintura das crianças durante cinco dias. Os procedimentos estatísticos utilizados foram as medidas descritivas habituais (média, desvio padrão, frequências absolutas e relativas) e o t-teste de medidas independentes. Os principais resultados foram os seguintes: (1) as crianças evidenciaram durante o período escolar um predomínio de actividade física de intensidade baixa, não realizando, no mínimo, 30 minutos de actividade física moderada a vigorosa diária; (2) os meninos apresentaram valores significativamente (p>0.05) mais elevados do que as meninas de actividade física moderada a vigorosa no recreio; (3) as crianças, mesmo em sessões organizadas de Educação Física, apresentaram um padrão de actividade física caracterizado pela sua baixa intensidade, não despendendo pelo menos 50% do tempo total da aula em actividade física moderada a vigorosa; (4) o dispêndio energético não expressou um comportamento diferente nas sessões organizadas de Educação Física e nos momentos de actividade livre de recreio...
The main purpose of the present study was to assess usual physical activity (PA) patterns of school children. The study was carried out with 49 boys and girls (mean age of 10 years) in 4th grade of two schools in Vila Nova de Gaia/Portugal. Children wore a portable accelerometer device (TritracûR3D) on the waist for 5 days. Statistical procedures included descriptives (means, standard deviation, frequency) and independent t-test. The main results were as follows: (1) during the school period, PA level was low, with children not doing the daily minimum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA; (2) boys showed a higher pattern of moderate to vigorous PAthan girls during recess period; (3) children, even in organized physical education (PE) classes, demonstrated a low PA pattern, with less of 50% of the total PE class time in moderate at vigorous PA; (4) there was no difference in energy expenditure when comparing PE class and school recess...