Relationship of perceived parental behavior at the stage of adolescent with life satisfaction and aggression of adult daughters

The present study aims to examine the relationship of handling adolescent daughters through different parental behaviors along with their life satisfaction and aggression in adulthood. It was hypothesized that: 1] Scores of parental support at the stage of adolescence would have, positive correlation with scores of life satisfaction and negative correlation with scores of aggression in adulthood and 2] Scores of parental rejection and over protection at the stage of adolescence would have positive correlation with the scores of aggression and negative correlation with scores of life satisfaction in adulthood. The participants were 100 female students of the University of Karachi, Pakistan. Their mean age was the participants were 100 female students of the University of Karachi, Pakistan. Their mean age was 21.79 years. Engna Miinnen Batraffande Uppfostran- [EMBU] Short form, Aggression Questionnaire [AQ] and Satisfaction with life Scale [SWLS] were administered. It is clear from the findings that there is a significant positive correlation of parental support with life satisfaction of adult daughters, whereas there is insignificant negative correlation of parental support with aggression in adulthood. Further, parental rejection has insignificant positive correlation with aggression and insignificant negative correlation with life satisfaction. Moreover parental overprotection has insignificant positive correlation with aggression as well as life satisfaction. Hence it is suggested that parents should provide support to their children not only on one particular stage but all stages of development for positive implications

Father behavior in childhood: the predictor of psychological adjustment in adulthood

This research attempts to determine the relationships of psychological adjustment of university students with their perceived father acceptance and rejection. It was hypothesized that [Perceived childhood father acceptance-rejection would predict the psychological adjustment in adulthood]'. 206 university students including male and female equal in number participated in this study. To assess perceived father's acceptance-rejection during childhood the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control: Father-Short Form was administered and their current psychological adjustment was measured through Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire Urdu Version translated by Munaf, Hussain and Kamrani, 2009. Simple Linear Regression Model was applied to analyze the data. The results are statistically significant which implies that the perceived childhood father acceptance-rejection is a significant predictor of current psychological adjustment of university students. It can be interpreted that through experience of childhood father's rejection we can predict poor psychological adjustment in adulthood

Interpersonal relations and factors of emotional intelligence: a correlational study

This study is focused on determining the relationship of interpersonal relations of adolescents and factors of emotional intelligence i.e. intrapersonal, interpersonal, general mood, stress management and adaptability. Schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Considering a correlational design, participants included one hundred and eighty eight adolescent students, with an age range of 14-16 years. The adolescents were approached in group setting. Their consent was taken for participation in the study. Then demographic information form, Emotional Quotient Inventory Youth Version [EQ-i: YV, BarOn and Parker, 2000] and Clinical Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships [CAIR, Bracken, 2006] were administered. To determine the correlation of the variables Pearson Product Moment Correlation was applied. The result revealed significant correlation of interpersonal relationship with three factors of emotional intelligence, i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal and general mood, however no significant correlation was found on the variables of stress management and adaptability. It is apparent that there is a significant relationship between interpersonal relationship and few of the variables of emotional intelligence. This knowledge can be utilized to give guidance and to arrange training workshops for the enhancement of both emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationships of adolescents

Personality type, gender and age difference: a study of customers' brand loyalty

The purpose of the research is to study the role of Personality Types, Gender and Age difference in Customers' Brand Loyalty. It was hypothesized that 1] There would be difference in brand loyalty of customers with Type "A", "B" and "AB" Personalities, 2] There would be gender difference in customers brand loyalty and, 3] There would be difference in brand loyalty of customers with age groups 19-21 years and 22-24 years. Sample of the present research consisted of 54 male and 54 female customers. Their Age range was from 19-24 years.Their minimum educational qualification was graduation and all belonged to middle and upper middle socio economic class. All the respondents were individually approached and they were requested to fill the demographic data sheet, which was followed by Anjum -Khalique Type A Scale [AKTAS, Anjum and Khalique, 1991], along with the Illustrative Measures of Brand Loyalty [Sheth, Mittal, and Newman, 1999a]. Analysis of Variance was applied to determine difference in brand loyalty among customers with Type "A", "B" and "AB" Personalities, t-test was applied in order to find out difference in brand loyalty between Type "A" and "B", Type "A" and "AB" and between Type "B" and "AB" Personalities. Further difference was also calculated with reference to gender and age range. Results indicated that there is a significant difference in consumer's brand loyalty with reference to Personality Types [N=108, df=2 and 105, F=3.561, p<.05].Although insignificant difference of brand loyalty was found between Personality Type A and B [N=36, t=1 .88, df =34, p>.05] and between Personality Type A and AB [N=91, t=0.132, df=89, p>.05]. However significant difference was noted between Personality Type B and AB [N=89, t=-2.725, df=87, p<.01]. Likewise there was significant difference between consumers with age group from 19-21 years and 22 - 24 years [N=108, t=2.83, df =106, p<.01]. Consumers of age group 19-21 years were found to be more brand loyal [X=19.02] than consumers of age group 22- 24 years[X= 17.02].Furthermore insignificant difference of brand loyalty was found between male and female customers [N=108, t=0.101, df=106, p>.05].Overall results indicate that personality and age are two important predictors of customer's brand loyalty where as gender is an insignificant factor. Nevertheless we can't negate the influence of other situational factors that are also responsible for it. Limitations of the study and avenues for future research have also been suggested

Locus of control: an important determinant of self esteem and perceived life satisfaction of married women

The study aims to determine the effects of internal and external locus of control upon self-esteem and perceived life satisfaction of married women. It was hypothesized that Married women with internal locus of control will have higher perceived self esteem and perceived life satisfaction than married women with external locus of control. To find out the difference between both the groups, the sample comprised of 82 married women with age range of 25 to 40 years. They were approached individually and consent was taken for their participation as a sample. After gathering demographic information, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale [Rotter, 1966a], Self Esteem Scale [Rosenberg, 1965] and Satisfaction with Life Scale [Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin, 1985] were administered, t' test was applied in order to find out the difference between women with internal and external locus of control. Results reveal significant difference in the level of self-esteem [t =-3.203, df= 80, p< .01] and life satisfaction [t = -3.285, df = 80, p< .01], between women with internal [Self esteem X - 32.34 and life satisfaction X=20.02] and external [Self esteem X =29.60 and life satisfaction X= 17.34] locus of control. It is clear that the self-esteem and life satisfaction of women with internal locus of control is significantly higher than women with external locus of control. Hence, it is interpreted that internal locus of control helps to develop better self-esteem and contribute in the development of higher level of life satisfaction than external locus of control. Avenues for future research have also been given

Heroin ddicts: a comparative study of perceived social support in treatment between recovery and relapse cases

The objective of the present study is to compare the level of social support in treatment between recovery and relapse heroin addicts. It was hypothesized that "the perceived family and social support of recovery drug addicts would be more positive than the relapse heroin addicts". The sample comprised of 25 recovery drug addicts and 30 relapse patients of the drug treatment. In order to asses' family and social support, the demographic data sheet was filled and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List [ISEL] was followed. Results indicated marked difference in the mean perceived social support scores of two groups. It may be interpreted that higher perception of family and social support is associated with the recovery addicts, than the relapse group, who perceive their families and society as less supportive. Hence, lesser family and social support hampers the treatment of addicts and results in relapse

Effects of employment on mothers and their children after disruption of the family

To assess the effects of employment status of mothers on them and their children after the disruption of their family. A comparative study. This study was conducted in Karachi from Jan 1999 to Jan 2001. After literature review it was hypothesized that 1] Divorced working mothers will score low on the Variables of depression, anxiety and schizophrenic thinking as compared to divorced non-working mothers, 2] Children of divorced working mothers will have. a] High self-esteem and high need for achievement as compared to children of divorced non-working mothers. b] Low scores on the variables of aggression and depressed mood as compared to children of divorced non-working mothers. First sample of divorced mothers consisted of 30 mothers [15 working and 15 non-working] who have received divorce only a year back and were living with their parental family. Their age ranged from 18 to 35 years. Both the groups were matched on the variables of age, education, socioeconomic class and number of children. Second sample consisted of children of divorced mothers [15 children of working mothers and 15 children of non-working mothers] and age range of the children was between 6 years up to 12 years. IPAT-Anxiety scale, IPAT-Depression scale and Whitaker index of schizophrenic thinking were administered on mothers and Children Apperception Test [CAT] was also administered individually on children. t-test was applied to calculate the mean difference on different variables between above mentioned groups of children and women. Results indicated the significant difference between divorced working women and non-working women in the level of depression [t=2.88, df=28, p<0.003] and anxiety [t=2.16, df=28, p=0.02]. Insignificant difference between these two groups was found on Schizophrenic thinking [t=1.46, df=28, p=0.07]. Self-esteem of children of divorced working mothers is higher than children of divorced non-working mothers [t=3.72, df=28, p<0.0004]. While depress mood, aggression and need for achievement in children of both mothers did not differ. The study shows that employment affects the level of depression and anxiety in divorced mothers and it also affects the self-esteem in their children. Although there are no significant differences found on schizophrenic thinking in divorced working and non-working mothers and also depress mood, aggression and achievement in children of both mothers did not differ

Prevalence of axis-I and axis-II disorders: with special reference to gender, marital status education and socio-economic level

The present research aims to determine prevalence of Axis-I and Axis-II, disorders in patients visiting out patient unit of the Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi. Archival study Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, during January 01, 2006 up to July 31, 2006. In present study, it was hypothesized that 1] There would be a significant difference in the prevalence of Axis-I and Axis-Il disorders. 2] The prevalence of psychological disorders and seeking psychological help would be related to gender, marital status, educational and socioeconomic level of the patient. Out of 430 clients registered during one-year duration, only 125 files were analyzed. Out of 125 patients, 119 were diagnosed on Axis-I-Clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of Clinical attention and 06 were diagnosed on Axis-II-Personality disorders on DSM-l V-TR[1]. Demographic information was taken from Intake form and case history sheet developed by Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi. Percentages were calculated taking into consideration number of cases on variables of Axis-I and Axis-II, gender, marital status, education and socioeconomic level of the patients diagnosed on Axis-I and Axis-II It is clear from the results that Axis-I disorders are more prevalent than Axis-II disorders. Trends were also noted for more males, unmarried people, more educated and people belonging to middle socio economic class seeking psychological help or/and suffer more from Axis-I and Axis-II disorders than female, married, less educated and those belonging to Upper socio economic class. Looking at the trends through demographic characteristics of the patients seeking psychological help we believe that awareness program may be introduced in different communities in order to develop psychological sophistication among people and to motivate those segments of society who avoid seeking psychological help

Level of schizophrenic thinking in adults and their visual-motor performance

The present study aims to determine the relationship between schizophrenic thinking and Visual-Motor Performance of Adults. It was hypothesized that there could be a negative correlation between schizophrenic thinking and Visual-Motor performance. The sample consisted of 98 adults [41 males and 57 females], whose age range was from 19-45 years and all of them belonged to middle socioeconomic level. In order to assess schizophrenic thinking and Visual-Motor Performance, Whitaker index of Schizophrenic Thinking test [Whitaker, 1980] and Slosson Visual Motor Performance Test for children and adults [Slosson, 1996] were administered. For the quantitative analysis, Pearson Product Moment correlation was applied. The results were consistent with the hypothesis, regarding the predictive relationship between both the variables, which indicates that adults with higher trends of Schizophrenic thinking, have lower Visual-Motor performance and adults with lower trends of Schizophrenic thinking. have higher Visual-Motor performance

Parental divorce and psychological well-being of children

In the present study it was demonstrated that parental divorce has negative impact on the Psychological wellbeing of children. It was hypothesized that a] mean score of need for achievement and self-esteem of children of divorced women would be lower than the children of married women and b] mean score of depress mood and aggression would be more in children of divorced women than the children of married women. In order to test these hypotheses CAT was administered on the children [aged 6-12 years] of divorced and married women. The [t] test indicated that the mean score of self-esteem of children of divorced women was significantly lower than the mean score of self-esteem of children of married women. The Mean aggression and depress mood scores were significantly higher in the children of divorced women than the mean aggression and depress mood scores of children of married women. Whereas there was no significant difference in the mean scores of need for achievement of children of both the groups

Consumers' behavior as a function of life style and personality trait

This research examines the relationship between Consumers' tendency to conform and their changes in the purchase plans, while they are shopping alone and shopping with a group. Need for Achievement, Aggression and Dominance of the consumers with a low and high tendency to conform was also compared. To investigate, 97 consumers belonging to middle, upper middle and upper socio economic class constitute sample for the study. On the basis of their response to ATSCI [Attention to Social Comparison Information] scale, consumers were divided into two groups i.e. low and high tendency to conform. Questionnaire measuring consumers change in purchase plan under 2 conditions i.e. while shopping alone and shopping with a group together with the Achievement, Aggression and Dominance scales of PRF [Personality Research Form] were administered. T correlated indicated non significant difference between the purchase plans in 2 conditions for consumers with low and high tendency to conform, but there was a significant difference in the level of Need for Achievement, Aggression, Dominance between Consumers with Low and High Tendency to conform, when t test was calculated

Type A behavior pattern: an important predictor of traffic accidents

The present research was conducted to determine the relationship between rate of traffic accidents and type A Behavior pattern. In order to test the hypothesis of positive relation between these two variables, 101 drivers were interviewed. They were given personal history questionnaire and check list of Type A to Fill. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to find out the significance of the results. Positive Correlation was found between traffic accidents and type A behavior pattern

Vigor and original thinking as dominant traits of Pakistani male bankers

In order to determine sex differences in personality traits of bankers, Gordon Personality Inventory was administered to a random sample of sixty bankers [30 male and 30 female]. The t-test was applied to find out the statistical significance of the results, which indicated male bankers significantly high on trait of Vigor [t=9.33, df 58, P<.05] and original thinking [t=2.97, df=58, P<.05], female bankers significantly high on trait of cautiousness [t= -7.96, df=58, P<.05] whereas no difference in the trait of personal relationship [t=0.241, df=58, P>.05] was found between male and female bankers

Anxiety as a psychological risk factor in the disorders of cardiovascular system

The present study is aimed at emphasizing the role of anxiety as a psychological risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disorders. It was hypothesized that "mean trait anxiety" scores of cardiac patients will be more as compared to non-cardiac patients. Fifty male cardiac patients were selected from the in-cardiac patients and fifty non-cardiac patients were selected to match the variables of age, sex, residential area and education. Their levels of anxiety were measured through trait scale of STAI and TAT cards. ANOVA was applied to get the statistical significance of the results. The findings suggest that the mean trait anxiety scores of cardiac patients were significantly higher as compared to the non-cardiac patients

Psychological effects of paid work on married women

The purpose of the present research was to determine the effects of paid work on married women. It was hypothesized that married working women will experience less anxiety, aggression, conflict with authority and will have good Interpersonal relationships and stress management than housewives. In order to test various hypotheses, sample consisted of ninety married women which included 30 doctors, 30 lecturers and 30 housewives. The age range of working and non-working women was from 30-45 years. Manifest Anxiety Scale and Questionnaires measuring, aggression, conflict with authority, interpersonal relationships and stress management were administered on the sample. Analysis of variance was applied to find the statistical significance of the results. Significant difference was found only on the variable of stress management

relationship between intelligence and job performance

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between Intelligence and Job Performance of aviation personnel. Standard Progressive Matrices was administered to 100 personnel who have done their DAE from the same institute. Job Performance scores were taken from the supervisor who rated them on nine sub dimensions of Evaluation Report Form. Pearsons Product Moment Coefficient Correlation indicated that the relationship between Intelligence and Job Performance = +.10 which is a poor positive relationship. Hence the use of SPM as a predictive measure for Job Performance and selection of aviation personnel is not recommended

Personality and personnel

In the present research three personality traits of three groups belonging to different occupations were studied. Achievement, dependence and dominance as traits of 60 personnel were measured with the help of Personality Research Form. Analysis of variance was applied in order to find out whether there is a significance difference among policemen, bankers and teachers as regard to the level of each trait. Results indicate that there is no significant difference in the level of achievement and dependence among three groups, whereas difference was found for dominance as a trait. Further 't' test was applied and it was found that there is a significant difference for the trait of dominance between teachers and banker and between bankers and policemen

Job satisfaction and sex differences

The purpose of the present study was to determine the difference in job satisfaction between male and female bank employees. A job satisfaction questionnaire was administered to a sample of 15 male and 15 female employees of ANZ Grindlays Bank, Karachi. The 't' test was then applied to the mean job satisfaction scores of the two groups. Results did not reveal any significant difference between the two groups