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Acta méd. peru ; 30(2): 63-69, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692312

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Describir los conocimientos y estigmas sobre salud mental y evaluar la asociación entre características demográficas, conocimientos de salud y estigmas. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se redactaron tres viñetas describiendo un caso típico de depresión, trastorno de pánico y esquizofrenia y se formularon preguntas sobre ellas. Las viñetas y sus preguntas se validaron por juicio de expertos. Se aplicó cada viñeta y sus preguntas a 151 familiares de pacientes no psiquiátricos de consulta externa, incluyéndose un total de 453 individuos. Resultados: Para el caso de trastorno de pánico, se prefirió que el paciente sea visto por un médico especialista no psiquiatra (76,0 %) y se consideró que podía morir de una enfermedad física no diagnosticada (57,3 %). Para el caso de depresión y esquizofrenia el profesional considerado como el más indicado para tratarlo fue el psicólogo (41,7 % y 45,0 %, respectivamente). Para el caso de esquizofrenia, se encontró asociación entre ir al psiquiatra o presentar una enfermedad mental y considerarlo una amenaza para los demás (p=0,003 y p.<.0,001, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje recomendaría que pacientes con sintomatología de esquizofrenia o depresión sean tratados por un psicólogo. Por otro lado, se considera con frecuencia, que pacientes con trastorno de pánico tienen una enfermedad física que no ha podido ser diagnosticada y deben ser tratados por un médico no psiquiatra.


Objectives: To describe knowledge and prejudices about mental health and to determine if there is any association between demographic characteristics, health knowledge and prejudices on mental health. Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Three vignettes describing typical cases of depression, panic disorder, and schizophrenia were elaborated, and questions were asked about them. Vignettes and their questions were validated by a group of experts. Each vignette and its questions were administered to 151 relatives of persons attending the outpatient clinic for conditions other than psychiatric disorders, so 453 individual vignettes were assessed. Results: For cases of panic disorder, interviewees preferred patients should be seen by a specialized non-psychiatrist physician (76,0%), and they also considered these patients might die because of an undiagnosed physical condition (57,3%). For cases of depression and schizophrenia, professionals chosen as the most adequate for managing these patients were psychologists (41,7% and 45,0%, respectively). For cases of schizophrenia, an association was found between going to the psychiatrist or having a mental disorder, and they also considered these subjects may represent a threat for their peers (p=0,003 and p<0,001, respectively). Conclusions: A high percentage of interviewees would recommend that patients with schizophrenia or depression should be treated by a psychologist. On the other hand, they also considered that patients with panic disorder may have an undiagnosed physical condition and that they should be treated by a non-psychiatrist physician.


Subject(s)
Humans , Knowledge , Depression , Schizophrenia , Social Stigma , Data Collection , Mental Health , Panic Disorder , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
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