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1.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(4): 460-470, out.-dez. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977995

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Acompanhar o índice cardíaco e o índice de resistência vascular sistêmica até a ressuscitação. Métodos: Por meio de ecocardiografia junto ao leito, obteve-se um conjunto de parâmetros hemodinâmicos, inclusive débito cardíaco, volume sistólico, índice cardíaco, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica, integral velocidade-tempo, índice de desempenho miocárdico, tempo de reenchimento capilar e frequência cardíaca no momento zero após infusão de fluidos em bolo, e início e utilização de fármacos inotrópicos, com seguimento até 6 horas e 24 horas. Resultados: Incluíram-se 45 pacientes com choque séptico adquirido na comunidade. Os focos de infecção foram gastrenterite (24%), perfuração intestinal com necessidade de cirurgia emergencial (24%), pneumonia (20%), infecção do sistema nervoso central (22%) e infecção de tecidos moles (8%). Os isolados mais frequentes foram de Klebsiella e Enterobacter. Estimamos os fatores que afetaram o índice cardíaco: pressão venosa central elevada no momento zero (r = 0,33; p = 0,024) e persistência de frequência cardíaca elevada após 6 horas (r = 0,33; p = 0,03). O índice de resistência vascular sistêmica foi alto na maioria dos pacientes no momento zero e após 24 horas, e por ocasião da ressuscitação, afetando inversamente o índice cardíaco, assim como a integral velocidade-tempo (r = -0,416; -0,61; 0,55 e -0,295). O tempo de reenchimento capilar aumentado foi preditor clínico de valores baixos de integral velocidade-tempo após 24 horas (r = -0,4). O índice de mortalidade foi de 27%. Nos pacientes que não sobreviveram, observaram-se índices de resistência vascular sistêmica mais baixos e débitos cardíacos mais altos. Conclusão: O índice de resistência vascular sistêmica esteve persistentemente elevado em pacientes com choque frio, o que influenciou no índice de volume sistólico, no índice cardíaco e na integral velocidade-tempo. O uso de ecocardiografia para obtenção de mensurações hemodinâmicas é importante em pacientes pediátricos com choque séptico, para que se possam ajustar as doses de vasodilatadores e vasopressores, e obter os objetivos da ressuscitação em tempo apropriado.


ABSTRACT Objective: Follow-up of cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index by bedside echocardiography until resuscitation. Methods: A set of hemodynamic parameters was obtained, including cardiac output, stroke volume, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, velocity time integral, myocardial performance index, capillary refill time, and heart rate at 0 hours after fluid boluses before the start of inotropes, and followed up after 6 hours and 24 hours. Results: Included were 45 patients with community-acquired septic shock. Septic foci were gastroenteritis (24%), intestinal perforation requiring emergency surgery (24%), pneumonia (20%), central nervous system infection (22%) and soft tissue infection (8%). Klebsiella and Enterobacter were the most frequent isolates. We estimated the factors affecting the cardiac index: high central venous pressure at zero time (r = 0.33, p = 0.024) and persistently high heart rate at hour 6 (r = 0.33, p = 0.03). The systemic vascular resistance index was high in most patients at 0 and 24 hours and at the time of resuscitation and inversely affected the cardiac index as well as affecting the velocity time integral (r = -0.416, -0.61, 0.55 and -0.295). Prolonged capillary refill time was a clinical predictor of the low velocity time integral at 24 hours (r = -0.4). The mortality was 27%. Lower systemic vascular resistance index and higher cardiac output were observed in nonsurviving patients. Conclusion: There was a persistently high systemic vascular resistance index in cold shock patients that influenced the stroke volume index, cardiac index, and velocity time integral. The use of echocardiograms for hemodynamic measurements is important in pediatric septic shock patients to adjust dilators, and vasopressor doses and achieve resuscitation targets in a timely manner.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Vascular Resistance/physiology , Echocardiography/methods , Point-of-Care Systems , Resuscitation/methods , Shock, Septic/physiopathology , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Cardiac Output/physiology , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Heart Rate/physiology , Hemodynamics/physiology
2.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(3): 286-293, jul.-set. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977969

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a incidência da hiperglicemia de estresse em crianças em condição grave e investigar a etiologia da hiperglicemia com base em um modelo de avaliação da homeostasia. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de coorte, conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica da Cairo University, que incluiu 60 crianças com doença grave e 21 controles saudáveis. Utilizaram-se os níveis séricos de glicose, insulina e peptídeo C, avaliados em até 24 horas após a admissão. O modelo de avaliação da homeostasia foi utilizado para analisar a função das células beta e a sensibilidade à insulina. Resultados: A hiperglicemia foi estimada em 70% dos pacientes. Valores de glicemia ≥ 180mg/dL se associaram com desfechos piores. Os níveis de glicemia se correlacionaram de forma positiva com o Pediatric Risk for Mortality (PRISM III) e o número de órgãos com disfunção (p = 0,019 e p = 0,022, respectivamente), enquanto os níveis de insulina se correlacionaram de forma negativa com o número de órgãos com disfunção (r = -0,33; p = 0,01). O modelo de avaliação da homeostasia revelou que 26 (43,3%) das crianças em condições graves tinham baixa função de células beta e 18 (30%) baixa sensibilidade à insulina. Detectou-se patologia combinada em apenas dois (3,3%) pacientes. Baixa função de células beta se associou de forma significante com a presença de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, disfunção respiratória, cardiovascular e hematológica, e presença de sepse. Conclusões: A disfunção de células beta pareceu ser prevalente em nossa coorte e se associou com disfunção de múltiplos órgãos.


ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to study the incidence of stress hyperglycemia in critically ill children and to investigate the etiological basis of the hyperglycemia based on homeostasis model assessment. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in one of the pediatric intensive care units of Cairo University, including 60 critically ill children and 21 healthy controls. Serum blood glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured within 24 hours of admission. Homeostasis model assessment was used to assess β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Results: Hyperglycemia was estimated in 70% of patients. Blood glucose values ≥ 180mg/dL were associated with a poor outcome. Blood glucose levels were positively correlated with Pediatric Risk for Mortality (PRISM III) score and number of organ dysfunctions (p = 0.019 and p = 0.022, respectively), while insulin levels were negatively correlated with number of organ dysfunctions (r = −0.33, p = 0.01). Homeostasis model assessment revealed that 26 (43.3%) of the critically ill patients had low β-cell function, and 18 (30%) had low insulin sensitivity. Combined pathology was detected in 2 (3.3%) patients only. Low β-cell function was significantly associated with the presence of multi-organ dysfunction; respiratory, cardiovascular, and hematological dysfunctions; and the presence of sepsis. Conclusions: β-Cell dysfunction appeared to be prevalent in our cohort and was associated with multi-organ dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Sepsis/complications , Hyperglycemia/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/physiopathology , Blood Glucose/metabolism , C-Peptide/blood , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Case-Control Studies , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Critical Illness , Sepsis/epidemiology , Egypt , Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology , Homeostasis , Hyperglycemia/epidemiology , Insulin/blood , Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 29(2): 206-212, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899498

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de falência de múltiplos órgãos primária e o papel da sepse como agente causal em pacientes pediátricos críticos; e calcular e avaliar a precisão dos escores Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) e Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) para predizer os desfechos de crianças em estado crítico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, que avaliou dados de pacientes admitidos entre janeiro a dezembro de 2011 na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica do Children's Hospital da Cairo University. Resultados: Dentre os 237 pacientes estudo, 72% tiveram falência de múltiplos órgãos e 45% sepse com falência de múltiplos órgãos. A taxa de mortalidade em pacientes com falência de múltiplos órgãos foi de 73%. Os fatores independentes de risco para óbito foram ventilação mecânica e falência neurológica (OR: 36 e 3,3, respectivamente). O PRISM III foi mais preciso para prever óbito, com qui quadrado no teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow de 7,3 (df = 8; p = 0,5). A área sob a curva foi de 0,723 para o PRISM III e de 0,78 para o PELOD. Conclusão: A falência de múltiplos órgãos esteve associada à elevada mortalidade. A sepse foi sua principal causa. Pneumonia, diarreia e infecções do sistema nervoso central foram as principais causas de sepse. O PRISM III teve melhor calibração do que o PELOD para prognóstico dos pacientes, apesar da elevada frequência da síndrome de falência de múltiplos órgãos.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the frequency of primary multiple organ failure and the role of sepsis as a causative agent in critically ill pediatric patients; and calculate and evaluate the accuracy of the Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) scores to predict the outcomes of critically ill children. Methods: Retrospective study, which evaluated data from patients admitted from January to December 2011 in the pediatric intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital of the University of Cairo. Results: Out of 237 patients in the study, 72% had multiple organ dysfunctions, and 45% had sepsis with multiple organ dysfunctions. The mortality rate in patients with multiple organ dysfunction was 73%. Independent risk factors for death were mechanical ventilation and neurological failure [OR: 36 and 3.3, respectively]. The PRISM III score was more accurate than the PELOD score in predicting death, with a Hosmer-Lemeshow X2 (Chi-square value) of 7.3 (df = 8, p = 0.5). The area under the curve was 0.723 for PRISM III and 0.78 for PELOD. Conclusion: A multiple organ dysfunctions was associated with high mortality. Sepsis was the major cause. Pneumonia, diarrhea and central nervous system infections were the major causes of sepsis. PRISM III had a better calibration than the PELOD for prognosis of the patients, despite the high frequency of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Sepsis/complications , Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology , Prognosis , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Critical Illness , Sepsis/mortality , Sepsis/epidemiology , Organ Dysfunction Scores , Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/mortality
4.
Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt. 2013; 41: 38-56
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-192333

ABSTRACT

Individual obesity is the result of a complex interplay among genetically determined body habits appetite ,nutritional intake, physical activity and environmental factor. Obesity is increasing worldwide to the extent that WHO recently declared that obesity considered as pandemic. It is constituted one of the leading future threads to public health .The main target of this work was to study the effect of food habits and physical activity on body weight among primary school children. The total sample included [842] boys number was 389 [46.19%] and Girls number was453 [53.8%] girls .Obesity represented 47% of the total sample size 55% in boys and 40% in girls their age from 6-12years from primary school in Cairo governorate. Results showed that the vast majority of boys and girls [86.7 %] [ 86.9 %] take three meals per day, while a few of them [9.4%] [10.2%] take two servings, and a minority of them [3.1% and 2.7%] takes more than three meals. Results revealed that a high percentage take snacks in between meals [93%] in boys [89%] in girls . Results showed that the percentage [80.2 %] [.80 %] of boys and girls, consume junk food during watching T.V. Majority of the study sample take pocket money at school by [95.8 %] [96.9 %] [boys and girls Respectively Practicing physical activity was low in obese children compared to non-obese The major contributor to the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity was low physical activity calorie-dense, nutrient food- and eating while watching T.V

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