ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and immunomodulating activities of ethanolic extract from the sapwood of Astronium fraxinifolium (EEAF) on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The constituents of the EEAF were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity of EEAF was evaluated by its capacity of inhibiting the production of free radical 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. For the analysis of its immunomodulatory properties, Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels were determined in supernatants from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells after treatment with the EEAF at different concentrations. Expression for mRNA of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and detection of COX-2 protein were also analyzed. Caffeic acid, quercetin, followed by orientin and ρ-coumaric acid, were identified in the extract by the HPLC technique. The EEAF showed poor antioxidant activity when compared to the reference standard. NO, expression of COX-2 mRNA and COX-2 protein were found in high levels when LPS-stimulated cells were treated with the EEAF. Moreover, increased levels of TNF-α and low secretion of TGF-β were demonstrated in supernatants from LPS-stimulated cells treated with EEAF at different concentrations. In opposition to many different types of medicinal plants, the EEAF demonstrated a powerful pro-inflammatory capacity
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the chemical components of active extract from Cnidoscolus quercifolius root bark and its cytotoxic potential against several tumor strains. Methods: The high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the extract were used to distinguish the existence of possible functional groups in the root bark extract. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of methanol extract on human colon cancer cell lines was evaluated using OVCAR-8, SF-295, HCT- 116, HL-60 strains and the samples were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Results: The analysis of nuclear magnetic spectra of the active chloroform fraction revealed the presence of absorptions bands correspondent to a mixture of favelines such as neofavelanone, deoxofaveline or methyl-faveline, which structures were confirmed by ultraviolet spectra upon high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection analysis. The active fraction showed cytotoxic effects in the tested strains, HCT-116, SF-295, OVCAR-8 and HL-60 cells with IC50 of 72 hours ranging from 4.95 to 15.23 μg/mL. Conclusions: The results suggest that the substances present in faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) root bark extract have a cytotoxic potential against several tumor lines, showing a broader antitumour potential, and in addition no adverse to healthy cells. Therefore, the root bark extract of Cnidoscolus quercifolius has a possibility of use for anticarcinogenic therapies.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the chemical components of active extract from Cnidoscolus quercifolius root bark and its cytotoxic potential against several tumor strains. Methods: The high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and