The WHO collaborating centre for research and control of schistosomiasis at Niamey, Niger

The Centre de Recherche sur les Meningites et les Schistosomes (CERMES) is a research institute depending on the Organisation de Coordination et de Cooperation pour la lutte contre les Grandes Endemies - a West African Organisation for Public Health - devoted to the studies on schistosomiasis and meningitis. The staff includes 32 persons with 11 scientists and one financial officer. The activities of the CERMES involving schistosomiasis concern three research units: (a) ecology of human and animal schistosomiasis transmission: the CERMES defined the different patterns of schistosomiasis transmission in Niger (involving African dry savana); in this field, we have shown, (i) the existence of important variability in conditions of transmission of S. haematobium and, (ii) natural hybridization between parasite species of the ruminants (s. bovis and S. curassoni) and genetic interaction between human and animal parasites; (b) definition of morbidity indicators usable for rapid assessment methods, for appraisal of the severity of the disease and for the evaluation of the efficiency of control methods; we have established the correlation between ultrasonographic data and some cheap and sample field indicators; (c) immune response and protective immunity by recombinant glutathion S-transferase (Sm28, Sb28 and Sh28) in homologous and heterologous animal including goats, sheep and non human primates (Erythocebus patas). In Niger, we participate in all control programs against schistosomiasis to define control strategies, to supervise operations and to participate in their evaluation with external experts. International collaborations constitute a frame including four laboratories in Africa and six labotatories in developed countries (Europe and USA).

Interet de l'echographie dans l'etude de la fibrose periportale d'origine bilharzienne en zone endemique africaine

Les auteurs presentent les resultats d'une enquete echographique dont le but etait d'estimer la prevalence de la fibrose hepatique compliquant une bilharziose a schistosoma mansoni. En raison des images specifiques obtenues l'echographie se revele tres performante dans le diagnostic de la fibrose de symmers. Dans les etudes pratiquees sur le terrain; elle permet de connaitre avec precision la morbidite de la bilharziose a schistosoma mansoni qui jusque-la n'etait appreciee qu'indirectement par l'examen clinique