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Arteriosclerosis is the leading cause of stroke, with a fatality rate surpassing that of ischemic heart disease. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging is generally recognized as a non-invasive and panoramic method for the evaluation of arterial plaque; however, this method requires improved signal-tonoise ratio and scanning speed. Recent advances in high-density head and neck coil arrays are characterized by broad coverage, multiple channels, and closefitting designs. This review analyzes fast magnetic resonance imaging from the perspective of accelerated algorithms for vessel wall imaging and demonstrates the need for effective algorithms for signal acquisition using advanced radiofrequency system. We summarize different phased-array structures under various experimental objectives and equipment conditions, introduce current research results, and propose prospective research studies in the future.
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Objective To explore the relationship of perioperative INVOS cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and postoperative cognition function alteration of geriatric patients under combined intravenous and volatile anesthesia with creatine phosphate disodium to provide guidance for clinical anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA I-II patients aged >60 years scheduled for selective abdominal surgeries or surgeries on lower limb were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 patients: creatine phosphate disodium group 1 (CPD1), creatine phosphate disodium group 2 (CPD2), control group (C). All the patients were not premedicated with atropine 0.5mg until entering the operation room. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous infusion of propofol, fentanyl and cisatracurium slowly, and maintained by inhalational anesthetics sevoflurane 1 MAC plus intravenous infusion of propofol (6-8mg·kg-1·min-1) and remifentanyl (0.2-0.4μg·kg-1·min-1), and intravenous bolus cisatracurium (0.07-0.10mg·kg-1). After tracheal intubation, all the patients were mechanically ventilated with PETCO2 in the normal range. rSO2 was continuously monitored and recorded during the operation. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trailmaking Test and Grooved Pegboard Test were used to access cognitive function 24h before surgery and 4, 8, 12, 24h after surgery. Results (1) There were no significant differences in general status between the three groups (P>0.05). (2) The scores of MMSE, Trail-making Test and Grooved Pegboard Test were not different 24h before the operation between the three groups (P>0.05). (3) The scores of cognitive tests were higher in group CPD2 and group CPD1 than in group C (P0.05). Conclusion CPD can reduce the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients under combined intravenous and inhalational anesthesia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanism of Tonglian Decoction (, TLD) on esophageal carcinoma Eca109 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eca109 cells were treated with TLD and its separated formulae, including the clearing-heat and detoxification formula (Q), activating-blood and promoting-qi formula (H) and nourishing-yin and blood formula (Z). Cell proliferation was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, cell morphology was observed using a microscope, the cell cycle was measured using flow cytometry and the activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of TLD, Q and H were 386, 771 and 729 mg/L, respectively. TLD, Q and H significantly inhibited cell proliferation, with 69.43%, 60.84% and 61.90% of treated cells in the G phase of the cell cycle. The percentage of cells in S phase increased significantly after treatment with TLD, Q, and H compared with the control group (P<0.05), and TLD showed the strongest effect. Z had no influence on the cell cycle compared with the control group (P>0.05). Western blot detection indicated slight differences in the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by the different formulae. TLD formula strongly inhibited IKKβ, NF-κB, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TLD inhibited Eca109 cell proliferation by arresting cells in S phase. The possible mechanism might be related to inhibiting the NF-κB transduction cascade. The combination of the herbs found in the three separate formulae, H, Q and Z, work synergistically in TLD to produce the inhibitory effects of TLD treatment on Eca109 proliferation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Blotting, Western , Cell Count , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cell Shape , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Esophageal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Flow Cytometry , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , S Phase , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Distraction osteogenesis is one of the most important tissue engineering technologies. However, the exact signaling pathway controling mesenchymal stem cel-osteoblast lineage (MSC-OB) migration during distraction osteogenesis has not yet been elucidated. More efforts should be paid to make a ful understanding of the mechanism on MSC-OB lineage migration, which can improve the clinical efficacy of distraction osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of mechanical stretch on the ability of MSC-OB mobility and expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as wel as matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs) in MSC-OB, and to make clear the mechanism by which controls MSC-OB migration during distraction osteogenesis. METHODS:Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: experimental group (n=6), anin vivo rat mandibular distraction osteogenesis model was established on the right side of rats; non-stretch group (n=6), only the mandibular resection was done but with no distraction osteogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect phosphorylated mTOR expression in new osteotylus at 15 days after operation. In addition, an in vitro cel stretch model was made in the mandibular mesenchymal stem cels from healthy Sprague-Dawley rats under resting tension force (6%, 4 hours); no distraction was done in control group. The ability of MSC-OB mobility, the expression of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K and MMPs were evaluated using experiment methods including immunohistochemistry staining, real-time PCR and scratch assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of phosphorylated mTOR in MSC-OB was upregulated in the mandibular bone calus of the stretch group than the non-stretch group (P < 0.05). In thein vitro experiments, MSC-OB applied with mechanical stretch (6%, 4 hours) showed elevated gene expression levels of mTOR, Raptor, p70S6K, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 compared with the control group (0%, 4 hours). Meanwhile, MSC-OB in the experiment group (6%, 4 hours) showed a greater ability of mobility, as demonstrated by a farther distance after 48 hours of observation (P < 0.05). The present study suggests that the enhancement of MSC-OB mobility correlates with increase of the gene expression of MMPs and mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanical stretch may promote MSC-OB migration through activation of mTOR/MMPs signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of Slug,EMMPRIN and E-cadherin in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC)and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics,and the correlation among themselves.Methods:Slug,EMMPRIN and E-cadherin expression in 1 1 5 SACC cases of SACC was examined by immunohistochemical staining.The results and clinicopatho-logical data were statistically analyzed.Results:High positive expression frequencies of Slug(76.5%)and EMMPRIN(69.6%)and low positive expression frequency of E-cadherin(51 .3%)were found in 1 1 5 SACC cases.The expression of Slug and EMMPRIN was positively associated with the histopathological types,clinical stages,perineural invasion,recurrence and distance metastasis(P <0.05).The expression of E-cadherin was negatively associated with the histopathological types,clinical stages,perineural invasion and distance metastasis(P <0.05).There was a significant correlation between Slug and EMMPRIN expression(P <0.05),negative correlation between EMMPRIN and E-cadherin expression(P <0.05)and between Slug and E-cadherin expression(P <0.05).Con-clusion:The expression of Slug,EMMPRIN and E-cadherin is closely correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics of SACC.