Factors Job Commitment of Preceptor Nurse / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study was investigated the effects of job stress, communication type, and coaching competency on job commitment. @*Methods@#The subjects of this study were 153 preceptor nurses at a general hospital located in S city. The data collection period was from April 1 to April 15, 2021. A self-report questionnaire was used as the data collection method. @*Results@#(β=-.29, p<.001), ptimism coaching competency (β=.30, p<.001), dysfunctional communication type (β=.16, p=.020). @*Conclusion@#For job immersion, job stress management is required, and in particular, in relation to job tension, it is necessary to prepare a plan to increase job immersion through management because nurses perform the role of educating new nurses as well as their duties as nurses optimism plays a very important role in coaching competency. Therefore, it is necessary to increase professionalism developa systematic preceptorship program.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Radiation Therapy: Past and Present / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing concomitantly with population aging. Accordingly, interest in radiation therapy (RT) and the frequency of RT are also increasing. The types of RT can be broadly divided into external beam RT (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), and combination therapy (EBRT+BT). Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after RT for the treatment of PCa are common; however, there are few reviews on the relationship between RT and LUTS. Herein, we review the causes and incidence of LUTS, as well as the evaluation and treatment options. Because of the reported risks of RT, patients undergoing RT should be counseled regarding the challenges of treatment and informed that they may have higher failure rates than nonirradiated patients. Moreover, thorough evaluation and treatment strategies are needed to support treatment recommendations. With a review of the existing literature, this narrative article provides an overview to aid urologists in treating patients presenting with complications associated with RT for the treatment of PCa. Further research is required to provide evidence of the effectiveness and feasibility of the management approach to the care of patients with LUTS after RT for the treatment of PCa.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Radiation Therapy: Past and Present / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing concomitantly with population aging. Accordingly, interest in radiation therapy (RT) and the frequency of RT are also increasing. The types of RT can be broadly divided into external beam RT (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), and combination therapy (EBRT+BT). Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after RT for the treatment of PCa are common; however, there are few reviews on the relationship between RT and LUTS. Herein, we review the causes and incidence of LUTS, as well as the evaluation and treatment options. Because of the reported risks of RT, patients undergoing RT should be counseled regarding the challenges of treatment and informed that they may have higher failure rates than nonirradiated patients. Moreover, thorough evaluation and treatment strategies are needed to support treatment recommendations. With a review of the existing literature, this narrative article provides an overview to aid urologists in treating patients presenting with complications associated with RT for the treatment of PCa. Further research is required to provide evidence of the effectiveness and feasibility of the management approach to the care of patients with LUTS after RT for the treatment of PCa.

Korean Translation and Linguistic Validation of Urgency and Overactive Bladder Questionnaires / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#Given the importance of evaluating the severity of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and outcomes after treatment, several questionnaires have been developed to evaluate OAB patients. However, only limited questionnaires are available in Korea for use with Korean patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Korean versions of OAB questionnaires through a rigorous linguistic validation process. @*Methods@#The Indevus Urgency Severity Scale, Urgency Perception Scale, Urgency Severity Scale, and Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale underwent translation and linguistic validation. The linguistic validation procedure consisted of permission for translation, forward translations, reconciliation, back-translation, cognitive debriefing, and proofreading. Two independent bilingual translators translated the original version of each questionnaire, and a panel then discussed and reconciled the 2 initial translations. Next, a third independent bilingual translator performed a backward translation of the reconciled version into English. Five Korean patients diagnosed with OAB were interviewed for cognitive debriefing. @*Results@#Each item of the questionnaires was translated into 2 Korean versions in the forward translation process. Terms such as ‘urgency’ and ‘wetting’ were translated into ordinary language by the translators and adjusted by the panel members to more conceptually equivalent terms in a medical context. In the back-translation process, the panel made a few changes regarding details based on a comparison of the back-translated and original versions. During the cognitive debriefing process, 5 patients provided a few pieces of feedback on the naturalness of the wording of the questionnaires, but generally agreed on the translated terms. @*Conclusions@#In this study, the panel produced a successful linguistic validation of Korean versions of multiple OAB questionnaires, which can be utilized to evaluate the severity and treatment outcomes of OAB.

Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Korean Version of the Treatment Satisfaction Visual Analogue Scale and the Overactive Bladder Satisfaction With Treatment Questionnaire / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: This study reports the development of the Korean Version of the Treatment Satisfaction Visual Analogue Scale (TS-VAS) and the Overactive Bladder Satisfaction with Treatment Questionnaire (OAB-SAT-q) based on the original versions, with subsequent linguistic validation by Korean patients with overactive bladder receiving active treatment from a physician. METHODS: Translation and linguistic validation were performed in 2016. The validation process included permission for translation, forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing, and proofreading. The original versions of the TS-VAS and OAB-SAT-q were independently translated into Korean by 2 bilingual translators and were then reconciled into a single version. The third bilingual translator performed a backward translation of the reconciled version into English. A trained interviewer and 5 Korean-speaking patients with OAB carried out the cognitive debriefing. RESULTS: During the forward translation process, the terms used in the 2 questionnaires were adjusted to use more appropriate expressions in the Korean language than were used in the original versions. During the backward translation process, no changes were made in terms of semantic equivalence. In the cognitive debriefing session, 5 patients were asked to fill in the answers within 8 minutes; most of them reported that the translated questions were clear and easy to understand. CONCLUSIONS: The present study presents successful linguistic validation of the Korean version of the TS-VAS and OAB-SAT-q, which could be useful tools for evaluating treatment satisfaction in patients.

Effects of Lobeglitazone, a New Thiazolidinedione, on Osteoblastogenesis and Bone Mineral Density in Mice

BACKGROUND: Bone strength is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus despite an increase in bone mineral density (BMD). Thiazolidinedione (TZD), a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonist, promotes adipogenesis, and suppresses osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, its use is associated with an increased risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of lobeglitazone, a new TZD, on bone. METHODS: MC3T3E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured in osteogenic medium and exposed to lobeglitazone (0.1 or 1 µM), rosiglitazone (0.4 µM), or pioglitazone (1 µM) for 10 to 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, and osteoblast marker gene expression were analyzed. For in vivo experiments, 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle, one of two doses of lobeglitazone, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone. BMD was assessed using a PIXImus2 instrument at the baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: As expected, in vitro experiments showed that ALP activity was suppressed and the mRNA expression of osteoblast marker genes RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) and osteocalcin was significantly attenuated after rosiglitazone treatment. By contrast, lobeglitazone at either dose did not inhibit these variables. Rosiglitazone-treated mice showed significantly accelerated bone loss for the whole bone and femur, but BMD did not differ significantly between the lobeglitazone-treated and vehicle-treated mice. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that lobeglitazone has no detrimental effects on osteoblast biology and might not induce side effects in the skeletal system.

Daily Mean Temperature and Urolithiasis Presentation in Six Cities in Korea: Time-Series Analysis

Seasonal variation in urinary stone presentation is well described in the literature. However, previous studies have some limitations. To explore overall cumulative exposure-response and the heterogeneity in the relationships between daily meteorological factors and urolithiasis incidence in 6 major Korean cities, we analyzed data on 687,833 urolithiasis patients from 2009 to 2013 for 6 large cities in Korea: Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan. Using a time-series design and distributing lag nonlinear methods, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of mean daily urolithiasis incidence (MDUI) associated with mean daily meteorological factors, including the cumulative RR for a 20-day period. The estimated location-specific associations were then pooled using multivariate meta-regression models. A positive association was confirmed between MDUI and mean daily temperature (MDT), and a negative association was shown between MDUI and mean daily relative humidity (MDRH) in all cities. The lag effect was within 5 days. The multivariate Cochran Q test for heterogeneity at MDT was 12.35 (P = 0.136), and the related I2 statistic accounted for 35.2% of the variability. Additionally, the Cochran Q test for heterogeneity and I2 statistic at MDHR were 26.73 (P value = 0.148) and 24.7% of variability in the total group. Association was confirmed between daily temperature, relative humidity and urolithiasis incidence, and the differences in urolithiasis incidence might have been partially attributable to the different frequencies and the ranges in temperature and humidity between cities in Korea.

Eating habits, physical activity, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight·obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. RESULTS: A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P <0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.

Protective Effects of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Combinations With Taurine and/or Betaine Against Lipopolysaccharide or Polyinosinic-polycytidylic Acid-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity

BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms for the pathogenesis of many liver diseases are related with oxidative stress, endotoxins, and infections by many microorganisms. These can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and its combinations with taurine and/or betaine against hepatotoxicites induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). METHODS: RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with SAMe (SAM or AdoMet), taurine, and/or betaine. In order to mimic hepatic injury like endotoxemia or viral infection, cells and mice were treated with LPS or polyI:C. Concentrations of glutathione (GSH), mRNA expressions of GSH synthesizing enzymes, and inflammatory markers were measured by biochemical assays and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: In RAW 264.7 cells and mice, pretreatment of SAMe alone or SAMe with taurine and/or betaine attenuated the decrease in GSH levels and mRNA expressions of GSH synthesizing enzymes. In addition, pretreatment of SAMe with taurine and/or betaine prevented the excessive increase in inflammatory mediators produced by LPS or polyI:C treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with SAMe in combination with taurine and betaine, would have anti-oxidant functions in addition to anti-inflammatory action against bacterial and/or viral inflammation.

Effects of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Combinations With Taurine and/or Betaine on Glutathione Homeostasis in Ethanol-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity

BACKGROUND: Exposure to ethanol abuse and severe oxidative stress are risk factors for hepatocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and its combinations with taurine and/or betaine on the level of glutathione (GSH), a powerful antioxidant in the liver, in acute hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol. METHODS: To examine the effects of SAMe and its combinations with taurine and/or betaine on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, AML12 cells and C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with SAMe, taurine, and/or betaine, followed by ethanol challenge. Cell viability was detected with an MTT assay. GSH concentration and mRNA levels of GSH synthetic enzymes were measured using GSH reductase and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured with commercially available kits. RESULTS: Pretreatment of SAMe, with or without taurine and/or betaine, attenuated decreases in GSH levels and mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, in ethanol-treated cells and mice. mRNA levels of the modifier subunit of GCL and glutathione synthetase were increased in mice treated with SAMe combinations. SAMe, taurine, and/or betaine pretreatment restored serum ALT and AST levels to control levels in the ethanol-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Combinations of SAMe with taurine and/or betaine have a hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury by maintaining GSH homeostasis.

Nocturia

Nocturia is currently defined as the complaint that an individual has to wake at night > or =1 times to void. Nocturia is a highly prevalent and bothersome condition, associated with serious medical conditions, as well as increased mortality risk. However, it remains an underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated condition, with many patients accepting it as a natural consequence of aging. Therefore nocturia as a condition deserves public health attention. Nocturia is a multifactorial condition that can coexist with other lower urinary tract symptoms, and the most common causal factor is nighttime overproduction of urine. Recent studies have improved our understanding of nocturia while introducing a growing number of therapeutic options. This paper aims to review the classification, etiology, evaluation and treatment of nocturia to help healthcare providers better serve patients who have nocturia.

Eating habits and eating behaviors by family dinner frequency in the lower-grade elementary school students

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, there has been an increased interest in the importance of family meals on children's health and nutrition. This study aims to examine if the eating habits and eating behaviors of children are different according to the frequency of family dinners. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were third-grade students from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. The survey questionnaire was composed of items that examined the general characteristics, family meals, eating habits, eating behaviors, and environmental influence on children's eating. The subjects responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Excluding the incomplete responses, the data (n = 3,435) were analyzed using chi2-test or t-test. RESULTS: The group that had more frequent family dinners (> or = 5 days/week, 63.4%), compared to those that had less (< or = 4 days/week, 36.6%), showed better eating habits, such as eating meals regularly, performing desirable behaviors during meals, having breakfast frequently, having breakfast with family members (P < 0.001), and not eating only what he or she likes (P < 0.05). Those who had more frequent family dinners also consumed healthy foods with more frequency, including protein foods, dairy products, grains, vegetables, seaweeds (P < 0.001), and fruits (P < 0.01). However, unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., eating fatty foods, salty foods, sweets, etc.) were not significantly different by the frequency of family dinners. CONCLUSIONS: Having dinner frequently with family members was associated with more desirable eating habits and with healthy eating behaviors in young children. Thus nutrition education might be planned to promote family dinners, by emphasizing the benefits of having family meals on children's health and nutrition and making more opportunities for family meals.

A Survey for Needs and Preference of Food and Nutrition information on Mass Media for Korean Female Adults / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the preferences and needs of typical Korean females adults for food and nutrition information provided by the mass media. METHODS: A total of 343 females (77 in their 20s, 85 in their 30s, 88 in their 40s and 93 in their 50s) residing in the Seoul/Gyeonggido area was surveyed on general characteristics, main sources of food and nutrition information and needs for sources and contents of nutrition information. RESULTS: The survey showed that typical Korean females obtained knowledge of food and nutrition mainly through the Internet (30.4%) and broadcasting (29.0%). Typical Korean females were interested in 'dietary management for weight control' (21.9%), 'the prevention and treatment of disease' (20.0%), 'food safety' (16.8%), 'proper dietary habits' (14.6%), 'cookery' (11.8%), 'functional foods' (9.6%), 'restaurant details' (3.5%) and 'life-cycle-specific dietary guideline' (1.6%). Needs for food and nutrition program forms on TV were 'educational programs' (34.3%), 'documentaries' (20.8), 'expert lecture-style' (13.0%), 'entertainment programs' (11.9%), 'expert conversation' (11.4%), 'news-style' (4.6%) and 'public campaign advertisements' (4.0%). On the Internet, 38.6% of the respondents preferred to get information provided by food and nutrition-related institutions (38.6%) while 26.1% preferred webtoons for nutritional information. The favored forms in mobile applications were 'monitoring their diets' (29.5%), 'data-based texts information' (21.4%), 'experts feedback' (20.6%), 'communities' (15.1%) and 'games' (13.1%). The rates of the preference to obtain information from experts such as nutritionists and dietitians and doctors - or dietitian turned reporters increased markedly with older ages. CONCLUSIONS: Since the mass media is a main source of food and nutrition information for the general public, the effectiveness and accuracy of the information provided should be enhanced by taking the needs of the public into account. The quality of information should be improved by involving more nutrition experts.

Prostate Cancer in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Low Grade Gleason Score When Diagnosed on Biopsy

PURPOSE: Studies on the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MS) and prostate cancer are controversial. We evaluated the association between MS and prostate cancer characteristics in patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2003 to May 2011, patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value> or =4 ng/ml or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) result underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. MS was diagnosed according to the Adult Treatment Panel III. Clinicopathologic factors including PSA, DRE, prostate volume, age, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar level, and MS were considered for analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-four patients were enrolled (mean age, 68.86+/-8.95 years; mean PSA, 13.97+/-20.42 ng/ml). Seventy-five patients (21.2%) had MS and 90 patients (25.4%) were diagnosed as having prostate cancer, including 27 (30%) with MS and 63 (70%) without MS. Total PSA value and prostate volume were significant predictors for prostate cancer. However, MS and BMI were not significantly related to increased cancer risk. Prostate cancer patients with MS had significantly lower Gleason scores (average, 6.63+/-1.92) than did prostate cancer patients without MS (average, 7.54+/-1.71; p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Presence of MS was associated with a significantly decreased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. A larger, prospective, multicenter investigation is mandatory to clarify the relationship between MS and prostate cancer.

Efficacy and Safety of Hexaminolevulinate Fluorescence Cystoscopy in the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective design, we included patients who had a bladder lesion suggesting bladder cancer. Patients with massive hematuria, urethral Foley catheter insertion, chronic retention state, or urinary tract infection were excluded. After the bladder was emptied, hexaminolevulinate was gently administered into the bladder. One hour later, cystoscopy under white light and blue light was performed. After marking the lesions confirmed with white light or blue light, transurethral resection of the bladder lesion and pathologic confirmation were done. Transurethral resection of the lesions that were negative in both white and blue light was also performed. RESULTS: From April 2010 to September 2010, 30 patients were enrolled. From the total of 30 patients (25 men and 5 women; mean age, 60.4+/-9.22 years), 134 specimens were extracted. Among these, 101 specimens showed positive results by blue light cystoscopy (BLC). The sensitivity of BLC and white light cystoscopy (WLC) was 92.3% and 80.8%, respectively (p=0.021). The specificity of BLC and WLC was 48% and 49.1%, respectively (p>0.05). The positive and negative predictive values of BLC were 71.2% and 81.8%, respectively, whereas those of WLC were 72.0% and 68.6%, respectively. With WLC, 48 specimens showed negative findings, but of that group, 15 specimens (31.2%) were revealed to be malignant with BLC. There were no significant side effects in the 24 hours after the instillation of hexaminolevulinate. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic diagnosis with hexaminolevulinate helps to find tumors that could be missed by use of WLC only. Photodynamic diagnosis might be valuable in complete resection as well as for more accurate diagnosis of bladder tumor.

A Novel Pathway Underlying the Inhibitory Effects of Melatonin on Isolated Rat Urinary Bladder Contraction

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the direct effects of melatonin on bladder activity and to determine the mechanisms responsible for the detrusor activity of melatonin in the isolated rat bladder. We evaluated the effects of melatonin on the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), bethanechol (BCh), KCl, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) in 20 detrusor smooth muscle samples from Sprague-Dawley rats. To determine the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory responses to melatonin, melatonin-pretreated muscle strips were exposed to a calcium channel antagonist (verapamil), three potassium channel blockers [tetraethyl ammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and glibenclamide], a direct voltage-dependent calcium channel opener (Bay K 8644), and a specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor (KN-93). Melatonin pretreatment (10(-8)~10(-6) M) decreased the contractile responses induced by PE (10(-9)~10(-4) M) and Ach (10(-9)~10(-4) M) in a dose-dependent manner. Melatonin (10(-7) M) also blocked contraction induced by high KCl ([KCl]ECF; 35 mM, 70 mM, 105 mM, and 140 mM) and EFS. Melatonin (10(-7) M) potentiated the relaxation response of the strips by verapamil, but other potassium channel blockers did not change melatonin activity. Melatonin pretreatment significantly decreased contractile responses induced by Bay K 8644 (10(-11)~10(-7) M). KN-93 enhanced melatonin-induced relaxation. The present results suggest that melatonin can inhibit bladder smooth muscle contraction through a voltage-dependent, calcium-antagonistic mechanism and through the inhibition of the calmodulin/CaMKII system.

Prognostic Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Urological Soft Tissue Sarcomas

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate prognostic factors for survival and clinical outcomes of rological soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of the medical records of 48 patients with urological STS treated from January 1982 to July 2009. Demographic and pathological characteristics were compared. Patients' demographics, clinico-pathological parameters, overall survival, and the factors expected to predict survival, such as sex, age at diagnosis, primary organ, surgical resection, metastasis, and mass size, were analyzed. We evaluated differences in survival on the basis of histological subtype by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The study included 34 males (70.8%) and 14 females (29.1%). The mean age at diagnosis was 47.1 years (range, 3 to 80). The most common site was the retroperitoneum (n=16), followed by the kidney (n=12), prostate (n=10), bladder (n=7), ureter (n=1), and paratesticular region (n=1). Nineteen patients (39.5%) had other organ metastases at diagnosis. The most common subtypes of sarcoma were leiomyosarcoma (50%), rhabdomyosarcoma (18.7%), and liposarcoma (8%). The remaining 11 cases had other histological subtypes (22.9%). Mean tumor size was 9.5 cm (range, 2.2 to 24). Thirty-three patients (68.7%) underwent surgical resection. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 51.4%. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, surgical resection, primary tumor site, and metastasis at diagnosis remained significant predictors of prognosis. Patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma had a higher overall survival rate by 5 years compared with patients with other organ sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rate at 5 years was 51.4%. Surgical resection, primary tumor site, and metastasis at diagnosis remained significant predictors of prognosis.

Incidence and Predictive Factors of Benign Renal Lesions in Korean Patients with Preoperative Imaging Diagnoses of Renal Cell Carcinoma

The present study was performed to determine the incidence and predictive factors of benign renal lesions in Korean patients undergoing nephrectomy for presumed renal cell carcinoma on preoperative imaging. We analyzed the pathologic reports and medical records of 1,598 eligible patients with unilateral, nonmetastatic, and nonfamilial renal masses. Of the 1,598 renal masses, 114 (7.1%) were benign lesions, including angiomyolipoma in 47 (2.9%), oncocytoma in 23 (1.4%), and complicated cysts in 18 (1.1%) patients. On univariate analysis, the proportion of benign lesions was significantly higher in female patients, and in patients with smaller tumors, cystic renal masses, and without gross hematuria as a presenting symptom. When renal lesions were stratified by tumor size, the proportion of benign as opposed to malignant lesions decreased significantly as tumor size increased. On multivariate analysis, female gender, smaller tumor size, and cystic lesions were significantly associated with benign histological features. The findings in this large cohort of Korean patients show a lower incidence (7.1%) of benign renal lesions than those of previous Western reports. Female gender, cystic renal lesions, and smaller tumor size are independent predictors of benign histological features.

Erratum: Experience of 100 Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomies Performed by a Single Surgeon: An Analysis of Surgical and Functional Outcomes

No abstract available.

Experience of 100 Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomies Performed by a Single Surgeon: An Analysis of Surgical and Functional Outcomes

PURPOSE: We analyzed the surgical and functional outcomes of 100 consecutive laparo-scopic radical prostatectomies (LRP) performed by a single surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2007 and May 2010, a total of 100 consecutive patients underwent LRP for prostate cancer at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of these patients to determine surgical and functional results. We compared surgical and functional outcomes between three groups divided on the basis of operation period (Group 1; first 40 cases; Group 2; next 30 cases; Group 3; last 30 cases). RESULTS: The operative time decreased significantly as the surgeon's experience increased over time (P<0.01). The learning curve for operative time was surpassed after approximately 40 cases. The overall positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 17.5% in Group 1, 16.7% in Group 2, and 10% in Group 3. For organ-confined disease, the PSM rate was 2.5%, 6.7%, and 3.3% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The continence rate (absence of a pad) was 73.2% and the social continence rate was 94.7% at 12 months after surgery. There was a significant difference in continence (absence of pad) between the early (Group 1) and late group (Group 3) at 1, 3, and 6 months (P<0.0001). The continence rate was not affected by whether the pubic bone-anchoring procedure or the Rocco suture method was used. The overall potency rate was 16.7% and 48.6% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. For bilateral nerve-sparing cases, the potency rate was 20% and 57.1% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our surgical and functional outcomes indicate that even in this 'robotic era', LRP is still an attractive treatment option for patients with localized prostate cancer, especially in areas with limited access to surgical robots.