ABSTRACT
The liver is the most common site of metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NETs are rare, and the distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic NET can be difficult due to the similarity of their histological characteristics. Herein, we report a case of GEP-NET with hepatic metastasis, which was first misdiagnosed as HCC by liver biopsy and subsequently re-diagnosed after surgery as primary GEP-NET.
ABSTRACT
The liver is the most common site of metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NETs are rare, and the distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic NET can be difficult due to the similarity of their histological characteristics. Herein, we report a case of GEP-NET with hepatic metastasis, which was first misdiagnosed as HCC by liver biopsy and subsequently re-diagnosed after surgery as primary GEP-NET.
Subject(s)
Biopsy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Diagnostic Errors , Liver , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neuroendocrine TumorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate memory functions in schizophrenic patients. METHODS: The participants were 45 schizophrenic patients and 27 normal controls. The Rey-Kim Memory Test (RKMT) was used as the testing instrument. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients showed a significantly lower Memory Quotient (MQ) compared with control participants. Their memory impairment was more severe relative to their intelligence impairment. 2) Memory deficits in schizophrenic patients were most pronounced in retrieval phase compared with encoding or retention phase. 3) Both verbal and visual memory were impaired in schizophrenic patients. 4) There were qualitative as well as quantitative individual differences in memory functions among schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION: Memory impairment in schizophrenia represents a selective cognitive deficit. Its clinical presentation is similar to 'frontal amnesia' in that retrieval deficit is most pronounced.