Femoral Head Fracture with Hip Dislocation Treated by Autologous Osteochondral Transfer (Mosaicplasty) - A Case Report -

Femoral head fractures combined with hip dislocation are very rare injuries. In most cases, they result from high-energy trauma to the hip or lower extremity during traffic accidents. Various therapy options have been suggested to treat these injuries. Especially, different joint-preserving surgical options have been described for the treatment of traumatic osteochondral injury of the femoral head in young, active patients. In this report, we present a case that a traumatic osteochondral lesion to the femoral head after hip dislocation was treated with osteochondral autografts (OATS) from the non-weight-bearing area of the ipsilateral inferior femoral head through a surgical hip dislocation. After 1 year, the clinical and radiological outcome was satisfactory with no evidence of posttraumatic osteoarthritis and no pain of patients.

Treatment of Atypical Ulnar Fracture Associated with Bisphosphonate Therapy - A Case Report -

Bisphosphonates can cause atypical fractures when taken for a long time. Atypical fractures appear mainly as femoral subtrochanteric or shaft fractures. On the other hand, reports of atypical fractures in the proximal ulna are relatively rare, with a high proportion of nonunion cases. This paper reports a case of nonunion after fixation for atypical fractures of the proximal ulna.

Prognostic Factors after Arthroscopic Treatment of Infectious Knee Arthritis / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of gender, age, underlying disease, duration after onset of symptoms, preoperative invasive procedures, bacterial culture of joint fluid, and stage of infection by the Gächter classification on the prognosis of patients with infectious knee arthritis who underwent arthroscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2014 to December 2016, 51 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for infective knee arthritis were enrolled in this study. The average follow-up period was 14.2±2.1 months (range, 12–20 months). The subjects were 27 men (52.9%) and 24 women (47.1%), with an average age of 55.1±17.6 years (range, 13–84 years). A preoperative evaluation of the joint aspiration with a count of more than 50,000 leukocytes and a polymorphonuclear leukocyte count of 95% or more was performed. All patients underwent arthroscopic surgery and postoperative continuous joint irrigation. RESULTS: The initial mean value of the C-reactive protein decreased from 9.55±6.76 mg/dl (range, 1.51–31.06 mg/dl) to a final mean of 0.74±1.26 mg/dl (range, 0.08–6.77 mg/dl); the mean duration of C-reactive protein normalization was 27.6±18.9 days (range, 8–93 days). Among the 51 patients who received arthroscopic surgery and antibiotics, 44 patients (86.3%) with infectious knee arthritis completed treatment with improved clinical symptoms, such as fever, pain, and edema, and the C-reactive protein decreased to less than 0.5 mg/dl. Finally, 5 cases were treated with two or more arthroscopic operations, and 2 cases were converted to arthroplasty after prosthesis of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement. CONCLUSION: The duration of surgery after the onset of symptoms and the stage according to the Gächter classification are important prognostic factors for predicting the successful treatment of infectious knee arthritis. On the other hand, the other factors were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, patients with bacteria cultured from the joint fluids appear to reflect the treatment period because the period of normalization of the C-reactive protein is shorter than that of the control group.

Hypothermia Presenting in Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Case Report

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neurologic disorder characterized by clinical symptoms, such as nystagmus, ataxia, and mental confusion. Hypothermia in patients with WE is a rare complication, and its pathogenic mechanism and therapy are yet to be ascertained. Herein, we presented a case of a 61-year-old man who was diagnosed with WE 3 months earlier. We investigated the cause of hypothermia (35.0℃) that occurred after an enema (bowel emptying). Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed mammillary body and hypothalamus atrophy. In the autonomic function test, the sympathetic skin response (SSR) test did not evoke SSR latencies on both hands. In addition, abnormal orthostatic hypotension was observed. Laxative and stool softener medication were administered, and his diet was modified, which led to an improvement in constipation after 2 weeks. Moreover, there was no recurrence of hypothermic episode. This is the first reported case of late-onset hypothermia secondary to WE.

Heart Rate Variability for Quantification of Autonomic Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia

OBJECTIVE: To quantify autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia patients compared to healthy controls using heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: Sixteen patients with fibromyalgia and 16 healthy controls were recruited in this case control study. HRV was measured using the time-domain method incorporating the following parameters: total heartbeats, the mean of intervals between consecutive heartbeats (R-R intervals), the standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD), ratio of SDNN to RMSSD (SDNN/RMSSD), and difference between the longest and shortest R-R interval under different three conditions including normal quiet breathing, rate controlled breathing, and Valsalva maneuver. The severity of autonomic symptoms in the group of patients with fibromyalgia was measured by Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale 31 (COMPASS 31). Then we analyzed the difference between the fibromyalgia and control groups and the correlation between the COMPASS 31 and aforementioned HRV parameters in the study groups. RESULTS: Patients with fibromyalgia had significantly higher SDNN/RMSSD values under both normal quiet breathing and rate controlled breathing compared to controls. Differences between the longest and shortest R-R interval under Valsalva maneuver were also significantly lower in patients with fibromyalgia than in controls. COMPASS 31 score was negatively correlated with SDNN/RMSSD values under rate controlled breathing. CONCLUSION: SDNN/RMSSD is a valuable parameter for autonomic nervous system function and can be used to quantify subjective autonomic symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Painful Chronic Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report

Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a process of benign bone formation and growth in soft tissues surrounding major synovial joints and is associated with central nervous system (CNS) injuries. It is a common complication in major CNS injuries, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and stroke. Here, we report the case of a 72-year-old male, who experienced a traumatic brain injury and painful chronic NHO around the left hip joint. Three applications of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) were administered to the area of NHO, which resulted in pain relief and an improvement in the loss of motion in the left hip joint. Improvements were also noted in walking performance and activities of daily living, although the size of NHO remained unchanged. Therapeutic effects of ESWT lasted for 12 weeks.