Comparisons of Nutrients Intake of Normocholesterolemia and Hypercholesterolemia in the Postmenopausal Women / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in nutrient intakes between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of the subjects. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Intakes of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals, and antioxidant vitamins were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. However, antioxidant vitamins and folate intakes in the hypercholesterolemia group tended to be lower than those in the normocholesterolmia group. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin E, and Ca in normocholesterolemia was much less than the RDA for those nutrients in normocholesterolemia. Cholesterol intake in the hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that in the normochoesterolemia group. However, mean cholesterol intake(240 mg/day) of the hypercholesterolemia group was much less than that of Americans whose cholesterol intake was 400 - 500 me/day. Fatty acid intakes were not significantly different between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia groups but the hypercholesterolemia group tended to consume omega3 fatty acids less than the normocholesterolemia group. Out data indicate that cholesterol intake is man important determinant of serum cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The results of this study provide information that is important in designing appropriate dietary guidelines for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.

Comparisons of Nutrients Intake of Normocholesterolemia and Hypercholesterolemia in the Postmenopausal Women / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in nutrient intakes between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of the subjects. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Intakes of nutrients such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals, and antioxidant vitamins were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. However, antioxidant vitamins and folate intakes in the hypercholesterolemia group tended to be lower than those in the normocholesterolmia group. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin E, and Ca in normocholesterolemia was much less than the RDA for those nutrients in normocholesterolemia. Cholesterol intake in the hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that in the normochoesterolemia group. However, mean cholesterol intake(240 mg/day) of the hypercholesterolemia group was much less than that of Americans whose cholesterol intake was 400 - 500 me/day. Fatty acid intakes were not significantly different between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia groups but the hypercholesterolemia group tended to consume omega3 fatty acids less than the normocholesterolemia group. Out data indicate that cholesterol intake is man important determinant of serum cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The results of this study provide information that is important in designing appropriate dietary guidelines for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.

Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in general population

BACKGROUND: It was reported that Helicobacter pylori causes duodenal ulcer and chronic active gastritis, but is still controversial on the relationship with gastric cancer. H. pylori is still clinically significant despite improvements in microbiologic, pathologic and therapeutic aspects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalance of H. pylori infection according to age and sex, the risk factors of H. pylori infection and the relationship with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: The subjects were 409 people who underwent esophagogastroscopy and CLO test from Feb. to Jun. in 1997 at Health Promotion Center, Pundang CHA General Hospital. Six types of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and demographic characterastics were surveged by questionnaire. The relationship with H. pylori infection according to age, sex, education, smoking,alcohol, coffee, stress and exercise was evaluated. And, the frequencies of H. pylori according to the presence of symptoms and the six different symptoms(indigestion, frequent belching, dyspepsia, nausea/vomiting, distension, anorexia) were anallyzed by Chi-square test. RESULTS: CLO test was positive for 264(64.5%) in total, 156(65.3%) in females. not different significantly in each group. The frequency of CLO test positive was 53.5%(under 30 years old), 64%(thirties), 67.9%(fifties), 48%(over 60years old). H. pylori infection increased slightly as age increased, but deacreased in over sixties. The frequency of H. pylori infection according to sex, education, smoking, alchol, coffee, stress, and exercise was not different significantly. 174(60.2%) of 284 symptomatic subjects(who had more than one symptom) was positive by CLO test and 93(74.4%) of 125 asymptomatic subjects was positive. The frequency of H. pylori infection according to six symptoms was not different significantly. The sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, false positive rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CLO test to pathologic report were 77.4%, 81.3%, 22.6%, 18.7%, 93.2%, 52% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 64.5% and showed no difference by sex. H. pylori infection infection increased slightly as age increased. Education, smoking, alcohol, coffee, stress, exercise were not considered as risk factors. The relationship of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and H. pylori infection infection was not significant biostatiscally.

Age Changes and Sex Differences in Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Concentrations & its related factors throughout Adulthood

BACKGROUND : DHEAS, the major circulating adrenal hormone, has been suggested to have a role in many aging related diseases and perhaps in aging itself. But, there is no epidemiologic data of DHEAS in normal adults in Korea. We studied age changes and sex differences in serum DHEAS & its related factors throughout adulthood. METHODS : We administ structured questionnaires to the study subjects. We measured serum DHEAS levels and several biochemical markers (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, glucose etc) in 1.710 healthy men(857) and women (853), aged 17-76 years. We also measured their height, weight, waist & hip circumference and body fat contents with bioimpedance method. We analyzed various variables relating to serum DHEAS levels by using SPSS. Reference data of serum DHEAS level in normal adults were also suggested. RESULTS : The DHEAS concentration peaked at age group blow age of 30 years in man(260.9 microgram/dL). Then mean values declined steadily in both sexes (r=-0.38, por=2 times/week, 219.1 vs 185.3 microgram/dL, p0.85, 227.1 vs 197.4 microgram/dL) after adjusting age. DHEAS was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.12, p<0.01). But in women, drinkers (154.3 vs 131.7 microgram/dL, p<0.05) and regular exercise group (146.1 vs 131.6 microgram/dL, p=0.05) had higher mean DHEAS value. There were no significant association between DHEAS and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) & fasting glucose level in both sex. CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that DHEAS levels may influenced by several sociodemographic factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol, exercise etc) and body mass index. DHEAS level was inversely correlated by age in both sex and men had 1.5 times higher DHEAS values than women. We could not find any association between DHEAS level and lipid profile & fasting blood sugar.