ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accompanying abnormal findings of Schmorl's nodes(SN), a normal variants of thelumbar spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with one or more SN, as seen on lumbar spine MRI werestudied. Using a 1.5T MR unit, the number and location of SN, their site of the end plate, adjacent disc changesand lesion associated and not associated with SN, and accompanying associated bony spinal stenosis wereretrospectively investigated. RESULTS: Among the 75 patients, 230 SN were noted in 375 vertebral bodies; theywere relatively frequently located on the second(65, 28.2%) and third(65, 28.2%) lumbar vertebrae. The most commonend-plate site of SN was the posterior one-third portion(160;69.6%). In 450 discs of these 75 patients, 172lesions were noted;those associated with SN(76/167, 45.5%) was more common than those not thus associated (96/283,33.9%)(p <0.05), and those associated with SN were relative frequently located on intervertebral disc L2-3 orL3-4(p <0.05). Thirty-seven SN (16.1%) were associated with bony spinal stenosis. CONCLUSION: Because it isfrequently associated with disc lesions and bony spinal stenosis, SN of the lumbar spine may be a pathologiccondition rather than a normal variant.
Subject(s)
Humans , Intervertebral Disc , Lumbar Vertebrae , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spinal Stenosis , SpineABSTRACT
Candida albicans cystitis is an uncommon but well described complication of modern therapeutics. The significance of systemic factors in the defense of the urinary tract against candidal infection is unknown. However, secretions from the prostate grand in men and from periurethral glands in women have been reported to be fungistatic. Conditions that predispose to candiduria include diabetes mellitus, antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy and disturbance of urine flow. Cystoscopy with bladder biopsy are necessary to rule out bladder tumor. We report a case of BPH with candidal cystitis and review the relevant literatures.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Biopsy , Candida albicans , Candida , Cystitis , Cystoscopy , Diabetes Mellitus , Prostate , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary TractABSTRACT
Epispadias is an extremely rare malformation that urethral opening is located on the dorsum of the penis. The severity of the epispadiac defect depends upon the degree of persistence of the cloacal membrane. Treatment goals of epispadiac patients include restoration of normal urinary control and establishment of a straight penis of adequate length that is functional for normal sexual intercourse. Recently we have experienced a case of glandular epispadias and report it with brief review of literature.